Countable & Uncountable 可數與不可數
基礎可數 how many；不可數 how much。
- 可數名詞有眾數：one apple, two apples；不可數沒有眾數。
- 常見不可數：water、rice、bread、milk、money、homework。
- 提問：How many + 可數；How much + 不可數。
文體小知識：How many / how much.
§課文原文 Passage
1Yesterday, our class had a picnic in Victoria Park. It was a warm and sunny day. We brought a lot of food and drinks. How many sandwiches did we have? There were twenty, but we finished them all! We also had some rice and chicken wings. My friend Lily brought some bananas and grapes. Everyone shared their food happily.
2Auntie May gave us a big bottle of water, so nobody was thirsty. How much money did we spend? Only fifty dollars, because Mum helped us buy the food. I counted the bottles and cups carefully. We did not have any juice, but the water was enough. Many classmates said the sandwiches were delicious.
3After lunch, we played games and sang songs. Our teacher took photos of us under the big trees. Next time, we will bring some fruit too. I will also bring some paper cups and napkins. A picnic with friends is always fun. I really cannot wait for the next one! How many picnics do you have every year?
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Yesterday, our class had a picnic in Victoria Park.
昨天，我們班去了維多利亞公園野餐。
It was a warm and sunny day.
那天又暖又有陽光。
We brought a lot of food and drinks.
我們帶了好多食物同飲品。
How many sandwiches did we have?
我們有多少件三文治？
There were twenty, but we finished them all!
有二十件，但我們全部吃完！
We also had some rice and chicken wings.
我們還吃了一些飯同雞翼。
My friend Lily brought some bananas and grapes.
我朋友 Lily 帶了一些香蕉同提子。
Everyone shared their food happily.
大家開開心心地分享食物。
Auntie May gave us a big bottle of water, so nobody was thirsty.
May 姨媽給了我們一大瓶水，所以沒有人覺得口渴。
How much money did we spend?
我們花了多少錢？
Only fifty dollars, because Mum helped us buy the food.
才五十元，因為那些食物是媽媽幫忙買的。
I counted the bottles and cups carefully.
我好小心地數清楚那些瓶同杯。
We did not have any juice, but the water was enough.
我們沒有帶果汁，但是那些水都夠。
Many classmates said the sandwiches were delicious.
好多同學都說那些三文治很好吃。
After lunch, we played games and sang songs.
吃完午餐，我們玩遊戲、唱歌。
Our teacher took photos of us under the big trees.
老師在大樹下面幫我們拍照。
Next time, we will bring some fruit too.
下次我們也會帶一些水果去。
I will also bring some paper cups and napkins.
我還會帶些紙杯同紙巾。
A picnic with friends is always fun.
和朋友一起野餐永遠都很開心。
I really cannot wait for the next one!
我真是好期待下一次！
How many picnics do you have every year?
你們每年會去多少次野餐？
1重點摘要 Summary
可數 how many；不可數 how much。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
多少（可數）。
多少（不可數）。
一些。
任何。
很多。
水。
飯。
錢。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 可數可數名詞指能一個一個數的名詞，例如 apple（蘋果）、book（書）、egg（蛋）。單數前面要加 a 或 an，複數加 s 或 es，例如 an apple 變 two apples。例句：I have three books. 要注意少數名詞有不規則複數，例如 child 變 children、man 變 men；可數名詞可以用 many、a few 修飾，例如 many apples；判斷方法很簡單：能在前面加數字的，就是可數名詞。
- 不可數不可數名詞指不能一個一個數的名詞，例如 water（水）、rice（米）、money（金錢）。它們沒有複數形式，前面不加 a 或 an，動詞一律用單數，例如：The water is cold. 要注意有些詞在中文裡可數，在英語裡卻不可數，例如 bread、furniture、paper，不能說 breads；要表達數量時，需用量詞短語，例如 a piece of bread，這是中英差異的典型例子。
- 問量詢問數量用 how many 或 how much：how many 配可數名詞複數，例如 How many apples do you have?；how much 配不可數名詞，例如 How much water do you need? 要注意 how many 之後的名詞必須是複數，how much 之後的名詞保持單數形式；how much 還可以用來問價錢，例如 How much is the book?；選對疑問詞的關鍵，仍然是先分清名詞可不可數。
- some/anysome 用於肯定句，any 用於疑問句與否定句。例句：We had some rice. Did we have any juice? We did not have any juice. 要注意 some 也可以用於期待對方答應的請求，例如 Would you like some tea?；any 在否定句中與 not 配合，表示一點也沒有；如果答覆說完全沒有，可以用 none，例如 We have none；選 some 還是 any，要看句子是肯定、否定還是疑問。
- 量詞幫手數不可數名詞雖然不能直接數，但可以用量詞短語表示份量：a glass of water（一杯水）、two pieces of bread（兩片麵包）、three bowls of rice（三碗飯）。例句：Please give me two cups of tea. 要注意量詞部分的名詞按可數規則變複數，例如 two glasses、three bowls；of 之後接不可數名詞；這種結構是表達不可數名詞數量的主要方法，必須熟練掌握，寫作時也非常實用。
- 野餐實戰例句：How many sandwiches did we have? How much rice did we bring? 提問之前要先判斷名詞可不可數：sandwich 是可數名詞，所以用 how many 加複數；rice 是不可數名詞，所以用 how much。要注意實際運用時，先在心中把食物分好類，再選擇正確的疑問詞；回答可以用量詞短語，例如 Two bowls of rice；這類題目在考卷與日常問答中都很常見，值得多練。
5例題示範 Example
問題：野餐之前，怎樣詢問與描述各種食物的數量？
- 第一步：先把食物分類，可數的有 sandwiches、apples、eggs，不可數的有 rice、water、bread。
- 第二步：可數名詞用 how many 加複數提問，例如：How many sandwiches did we have?
- 第三步：不可數名詞用 how much 提問，例如：How much rice did we bring?
- 第四步：不可數名詞用量詞短語說明份量，例如：two bottles of water, a piece of bread.
- 第五步：some 用於肯定句，any 用於否定句與疑問句，例如：We had some rice. Did we have any juice?
- 答案：示範答案：How many sandwiches did we have? Twenty! How much rice did we bring? Two bowls. We also had some bread and two bottles of water. Did we have any juice? No, we did not have any.
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
76 題快測 Quick check
Q1可數用什麼？
Q2不可數用什麼？
Q3some/any？
Q4水可定不可數？
Q5蘋果？
Q6錢？
8重點回顧 Recap
- 可數名詞有眾數：one apple, two apples；不可數沒有眾數。
- 常見不可數：water、rice、bread、milk、money、homework。
- 提問：How many + 可數；How much + 不可數。
- some 用肯定句；any 用否定句和疑問句。
- 不可數講份量用量詞：a glass of water、a piece of bread。