Can / Cannot 能力
基礎can 後原形。
- can + 動詞原形：I can swim.（不加 to、不加 s）
- 否定 cannot / can't：I can't dance.
- 提問 Can you...? 短答 Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
文體小知識：What you can do.
§課文原文 Passage
1My name is Kelly, and everyone has different talents. I can swim very fast because I practise every Saturday. I love the feeling of water on my face. My friends say I am as fast as a fish. I can also run for a long time without stopping. Last week, I won a running race at school. My coach says I can be a great athlete one day.
2My brother cannot swim, but he can sing beautifully. He can also dance well. My friend Peter can draw wonderful pictures of animals. His pictures of birds look almost real! Our classmate Mary cannot dance well, but she never gives up. She practises every day after school. Her smile shows she enjoys music.
3Last week, we helped our teacher clean the classroom together. We cannot finish it alone, but we can do it together. Everyone can do something special if they keep trying. Learning new things is always great fun. Can you sing, dance or draw? I believe everybody is good at something.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
My name is Kelly, and everyone has different talents.
我叫 Kelly，每個人都有不同的才能。
I can swim very fast because I practise every Saturday.
我游泳游得好快，因為我逢星期六都練習。
I love the feeling of water on my face.
我好喜歡水拍在臉上的感覺。
My friends say I am as fast as a fish.
朋友說我像魚一樣快。
I can also run for a long time without stopping.
我還可以一口氣跑好長時間。
Last week, I won a running race at school.
上星期，我在學校跑步比賽拿了第一。
My coach says I can be a great athlete one day.
教練說我將來可以成為出色的運動員。
My brother cannot swim, but he can sing beautifully.
我哥哥不會游泳，但是他唱歌好好聽。
He can also dance well.
他還跳舞跳得很好。
My friend Peter can draw wonderful pictures of animals.
我朋友 Peter 很會畫動物，畫得非常漂亮。
His pictures of birds look almost real!
他畫的小鳥幾乎同真的一樣！
Our classmate Mary cannot dance well, but she never gives up.
同學 Mary 不是很會跳舞，但她從不放棄。
She practises every day after school.
她每日放學都練習。
Her smile shows she enjoys music.
她的笑容顯示她好享受音樂。
Last week, we helped our teacher clean the classroom together.
上星期，我們一起幫老師清潔課室。
We cannot finish it alone, but we can do it together.
我們一個人做不完，但一起做就可以。
Everyone can do something special if they keep trying.
只要肯堅持，人人都可以做到一些特別的事。
Learning new things is always great fun.
學新東西永遠都很好玩。
Can you sing, dance or draw?
你會不會唱歌、跳舞或者畫畫？
I believe everybody is good at something.
我相信每個人都有自己擅長的事。
1重點摘要 Summary
can 後原形。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
可以。
不可以。
游泳。
跑。
唱歌。
跳舞。
繪畫。
幫忙。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 能力can 表示有能力做某事，後面直接用動詞原形。例句：I can swim. She can ride a bicycle. 要注意 can 是情態動詞，無論主語是誰，後面的動詞都不加 s，不能說 She can swims；can 本身也沒有第三人稱變化；想說明做得怎樣，可以在動詞短語後加 well、very fast 等副詞修飾，例如 I can swim very fast，這樣句子更具體。
- 許可can 也可以用來請求許可。例句：Can I go out? Can I borrow your pen? 回答可以用 Yes, you can 或 Sorry, you can't. 要注意請求許可時主語多用 I，而給予許可時用 you；在較正式的場合，可以用 Could I...? 或 May I...? 語氣更加禮貌；回答這類問句要用 can 或 may，不能用 do 回答，這與一般動詞的問答不同。
- 否定can 的否定形式是 cannot，縮寫為 can't。例句：I cannot swim. He can't dance. 要注意 cannot 是一個詞，中間不留空格；can't 的縮寫符號不能漏掉；否定之後動詞仍用原形；表示過去不會做某事用 could not，縮寫 couldn't。另外 can't 偏口語，正式書面語多用 cannot，寫作文時要留意這個分別。
- 問答用 can 提問時把 can 移到句首：Can you swim? 肯定回答是 Yes, I can. 否定回答是 No, I can't. 要注意問句與答句的主語可能不同，例如問 Can he swim? 要答 Yes, he can.；短答中不能出現動詞原形，只保留 can 或 can't；另外讀問句時語調要上揚，這是口語練習的重點，書面練習則要留意問號不能漏。
- 提問和短答完整問答示例：Can you swim? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 要注意短答只能用 can 或 can't，不能用 do 回答，因為問句用的是 can；肯定短答中的 can 保持原形，否定短答則常用縮寫 can't；如果問句的主語是 he 或 she，短答也要跟著改，例如 Can she sing? Yes, she can. 短答之後還可以補充一句具體說明，例如 I swim every week.
- could 講過去can 的過去式是 could，表示過去具備的能力。例句：When I was five, I could not swim. Now I can swim very fast. 要注意 could 後面同樣用動詞原形；敘述過去與現在的對比時，前後兩句分別用 could 與 can，時間要交代清楚，例如 when I was five；could 也可以用於請求，語氣比 can 更客氣，例如 Could you help me? 兩種用法要靠句子內容區分。
5例題示範 Example
問題：怎樣寫一段介紹自己與家人才能的短文？
- 第一步：先說自己會做的事，用 can 加動詞原形，並可補充原因，例如：I can swim very fast because I practise every Saturday.
- 第二步：說自己做不到的事，用 cannot 或 can't，語氣自然即可，例如：I cannot dance well.
- 第三步：寫家人的能力，可以在一句之內用 but 對比會與不會，例如：My brother cannot swim, but he can sing beautifully.
- 第四步：用 but 帶出對比，突出每人各有長處，例如：Mary cannot dance well, but she never gives up.
- 第五步：以總結收結，點出人人都有擅長的事，例如：Everybody is good at something.
- 答案：示範答案：I can swim very fast, but I cannot dance well. My brother cannot swim, but he can sing beautifully. Mary cannot dance well, but she never gives up. Everybody is good at something.
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
76 題快測 Quick check
Q1can 用途？
Q2can 後加什麼？
Q3否定？
Q4疑問？
Q5She can swim?
Q6can 過去式？
8重點回顧 Recap
- can + 動詞原形：I can swim.（不加 to、不加 s）
- 否定 cannot / can't：I can't dance.
- 提問 Can you...? 短答 Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
- 用 but 對比長短處：She cannot dance well, but she never gives up.
- 過去能力用 could：When I was five, I could not swim.