Countable & Uncountable 可数与不可数
基础可数 how many；不可数 how much。
- 可数名词有众数：one apple, two apples；不可数没有众数。
- 常见不可数：water、rice、bread、milk、money、homework。
- 提问：How many + 可数；How much + 不可数。
文体小知识：How many / how much.
§课文原文 Passage
1Yesterday, our class had a picnic in Victoria Park. It was a warm and sunny day. We brought a lot of food and drinks. How many sandwiches did we have? There were twenty, but we finished them all! We also had some rice and chicken wings. My friend Lily brought some bananas and grapes. Everyone shared their food happily.
2Auntie May gave us a big bottle of water, so nobody was thirsty. How much money did we spend? Only fifty dollars, because Mum helped us buy the food. I counted the bottles and cups carefully. We did not have any juice, but the water was enough. Many classmates said the sandwiches were delicious.
3After lunch, we played games and sang songs. Our teacher took photos of us under the big trees. Next time, we will bring some fruit too. I will also bring some paper cups and napkins. A picnic with friends is always fun. I really cannot wait for the next one! How many picnics do you have every year?
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Yesterday, our class had a picnic in Victoria Park.
昨天，我们班去了维多利亚公园野餐。
It was a warm and sunny day.
那天又暖又有阳光。
We brought a lot of food and drinks.
我们带了好多食物同饮品。
How many sandwiches did we have?
我们有多少件三文治？
There were twenty, but we finished them all!
有二十件，但我们全部吃完！
We also had some rice and chicken wings.
我们还吃了一些饭同鸡翼。
My friend Lily brought some bananas and grapes.
我朋友 Lily 带了一些香蕉同提子。
Everyone shared their food happily.
大家开开心心地分享食物。
Auntie May gave us a big bottle of water, so nobody was thirsty.
May 姨妈给了我们一大瓶水，所以没有人觉得口渴。
How much money did we spend?
我们花了多少钱？
Only fifty dollars, because Mum helped us buy the food.
才五十元，因为那些食物是妈妈帮忙买的。
I counted the bottles and cups carefully.
我好小心地数清楚那些瓶同杯。
We did not have any juice, but the water was enough.
我们没有带果汁，但是那些水都够。
Many classmates said the sandwiches were delicious.
好多同学都说那些三文治很好吃。
After lunch, we played games and sang songs.
吃完午餐，我们玩游戏、唱歌。
Our teacher took photos of us under the big trees.
老师在大树下面帮我们拍照。
Next time, we will bring some fruit too.
下次我们也会带一些水果去。
I will also bring some paper cups and napkins.
我还会带些纸杯同纸巾。
A picnic with friends is always fun.
和朋友一起野餐永远都很开心。
I really cannot wait for the next one!
我真是好期待下一次！
How many picnics do you have every year?
你们每年会去多少次野餐？
1重点摘要 Summary
可数 how many；不可数 how much。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
多少（可数）。
多少（不可数）。
一些。
任何。
很多。
水。
饭。
钱。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 可数可数名词指能一个一个数的名词，例如 apple（苹果）、book（书）、egg（蛋）。单数前面要加 a 或 an，复数加 s 或 es，例如 an apple 变 two apples。例句：I have three books. 要注意少数名词有不规则复数，例如 child 变 children、man 变 men；可数名词可以用 many、a few 修饰，例如 many apples；判断方法很简单：能在前面加数字的，就是可数名词。
- 不可数不可数名词指不能一个一个数的名词，例如 water（水）、rice（米）、money（金钱）。它们没有复数形式，前面不加 a 或 an，动词一律用单数，例如：The water is cold. 要注意有些词在中文里可数，在英语里却不可数，例如 bread、furniture、paper，不能说 breads；要表达数量时，需用量词短语，例如 a piece of bread，这是中英差异的典型例子。
- 问量询问数量用 how many 或 how much：how many 配可数名词复数，例如 How many apples do you have?；how much 配不可数名词，例如 How much water do you need? 要注意 how many 之后的名词必须是复数，how much 之后的名词保持单数形式；how much 还可以用来问价钱，例如 How much is the book?；选对疑问词的关键，仍然是先分清名词可不可数。
- some/anysome 用于肯定句，any 用于疑问句与否定句。例句：We had some rice. Did we have any juice? We did not have any juice. 要注意 some 也可以用于期待对方答应的请求，例如 Would you like some tea?；any 在否定句中与 not 配合，表示一点也没有；如果答复说完全没有，可以用 none，例如 We have none；选 some 还是 any，要看句子是肯定、否定还是疑问。
- 量词帮手数不可数名词虽然不能直接数，但可以用量词短语表示份量：a glass of water（一杯水）、two pieces of bread（两片面包）、three bowls of rice（三碗饭）。例句：Please give me two cups of tea. 要注意量词部分的名词按可数规则变复数，例如 two glasses、three bowls；of 之后接不可数名词；这种结构是表达不可数名词数量的主要方法，必须熟练掌握，写作时也非常实用。
- 野餐实战例句：How many sandwiches did we have? How much rice did we bring? 提问之前要先判断名词可不可数：sandwich 是可数名词，所以用 how many 加复数；rice 是不可数名词，所以用 how much。要注意实际运用时，先在心中把食物分好类，再选择正确的疑问词；回答可以用量词短语，例如 Two bowls of rice；这类题目在考卷与日常问答中都很常见，值得多练。
5例题示范 Example
问题：野餐之前，怎样询问与描述各种食物的数量？
- 第一步：先把食物分类，可数的有 sandwiches、apples、eggs，不可数的有 rice、water、bread。
- 第二步：可数名词用 how many 加复数提问，例如：How many sandwiches did we have?
- 第三步：不可数名词用 how much 提问，例如：How much rice did we bring?
- 第四步：不可数名词用量词短语说明份量，例如：two bottles of water, a piece of bread.
- 第五步：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句与疑问句，例如：We had some rice. Did we have any juice?
- 答案：示范答案：How many sandwiches did we have? Twenty! How much rice did we bring? Two bowls. We also had some bread and two bottles of water. Did we have any juice? No, we did not have any.
6常见错误 Mistakes
76 题快测 Quick check
Q1可数用什么？
Q2不可数用什么？
Q3some/any？
Q4水可定不可数？
Q5苹果？
Q6钱？
8重点回顾 Recap
- 可数名词有众数：one apple, two apples；不可数没有众数。
- 常见不可数：water、rice、bread、milk、money、homework。
- 提问：How many + 可数；How much + 不可数。
- some 用肯定句；any 用否定句和疑问句。
- 不可数讲份量用量词：a glass of water、a piece of bread。