Reading: A Short Story 短篇閱讀
基礎開始-中段-結局。
- 故事三段式:beginning(人物背景)→ middle(問題)→ ending(解決)。
- 先認住 main character:Tom。
- 時間場景詞幫你入戲:one cold winter morning。
文體小知識:Read and understand.
§課文原文 Passage
1Last week, I read a story called 'A Snow Day'. The title is short and lovely. The author is a young writer from Canada. The main character is a boy named Tom. One cold winter morning, Tom woke up and looked out the window. Everything was white. It had snowed during the night. Tom jumped out of bed and ran downstairs happily. He put on his warm coat and boots.
2Outside, he made a big snowman. He used a carrot for its nose and two buttons for its eyes. His sister Mary came out and helped him find two sticks for its arms. Then they had a snowball fight. Tom laughed when a snowball hit his shoulder. Their dog ran around them in the snow. The problem came at noon when dark clouds covered the sky.
3Soon, big snowflakes began to fall again. Tom and Mary ran inside just in time. They drank hot chocolate and had warm soup. Later, the sun came out, and the ending was happy because the snowman was still standing. Every paragraph of the story is fun to read. The moral is simple: enjoy every happy day with your family.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Last week, I read a story called 'A Snow Day'.
上星期,我看了個叫《雪天》的故事。
The title is short and lovely.
這個標題又短又可愛。
The author is a young writer from Canada.
作者是一位來自加拿大的年輕作家。
The main character is a boy named Tom.
主角是一個叫 Tom 的男孩。
One cold winter morning, Tom woke up and looked out the window.
一個寒冷的冬天早上,Tom 起床望出窗外。
Everything was white.
全部都是白色。
It had snowed during the night.
整晚都下著雪。
Tom jumped out of bed and ran downstairs happily.
Tom 開心地跳下床,跑下樓。
He put on his warm coat and boots.
他穿上暖和的外套同雪靴。
Outside, he made a big snowman.
他在外面堆了個大雪人。
He used a carrot for its nose and two buttons for its eyes.
他用紅蘿蔔做鼻子,兩顆鈕扣做眼睛。
His sister Mary came out and helped him find two sticks for its arms.
家姐 Mary 出來幫他找了兩支樹枝做手臂。
Then they had a snowball fight.
接著他們打起雪仗。
Tom laughed when a snowball hit his shoulder.
有個雪球擊中 Tom 的肩膀,他哈哈大笑。
Their dog ran around them in the snow.
他們的狗在雪地上圍著他們跑。
The problem came at noon when dark clouds covered the sky.
到中午,問題來了——黑雲遮住了整個天空。
Soon, big snowflakes began to fall again.
不久,大片雪花又開始飄下來。
Tom and Mary ran inside just in time.
Tom 同 Mary 剛剛好及時跑回屋裡。
They drank hot chocolate and had warm soup.
他們喝熱朱古力,還有熱騰騰的湯。
Later, the sun came out, and the ending was happy because the snowman was still standing.
後來太陽出來,這個結局好開心,因為雪人還站著。
Every paragraph of the story is fun to read.
故事每一段都好好看。
The moral is simple: enjoy every happy day with your family.
教訓好簡單:和家人一起,好好享受每個開心的日子。
1重點摘要 Summary
開始-中段-結局。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
故事。
標題。
作者。
段落。
主角。
問題。
結局。
教訓。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 開始故事的開始部分負責介紹人物和背景:主角是誰、年紀與性格如何、故事發生在什麼時間與什麼地方。讀開頭時要把這些資料記在心裏,因為之後的情節都建立在這個基礎上。例如一個故事開頭寫 Tom 在冬天的早上望出窗外,我們立刻知道主角是 Tom,場景是寒冷的冬天,接着發生的事都會與這個背景有關。
- 中段中段是故事的主體,問題或困難通常在這裏出現,推動情節向前發展。可能是主角遇到困難、發生意外,或者與朋友產生誤會。閱讀時要想清楚三件事:發生了什麼事、為什麼會發生、主角有什麼反應。例如中段寫外面下雪了,Tom 很想出去玩雪,這個願望與隨後的行動就是中段的重點,也是把故事由開頭帶向高潮的橋樑。
- 高潮高潮是故事最緊張、最精彩的部分,通常就是問題被解決或者情緒最強烈的時刻。讀到高潮時要放慢速度,留意作者用了哪些詞語來營造氣氛,例如 Suddenly、at last 一類的轉折詞與感嘆句。例如故事的高潮是 Tom 與朋友在雪中玩得最開心的那一刻,作者往往會用興奮的語氣與生動的動詞,讓讀者感受到當時的快樂。
- 結尾結尾交代問題怎樣收場,並且往往帶出一個教訓或者信息,例如友誼的可貴、誠實的重要,或者珍惜簡單的快樂。讀結尾時要想一想:主角有了什麼改變?作者想說什麼?例如故事結尾寫 Tom 玩完雪回家,喝着溫暖的飲料,教訓可以總結為與朋友一起享受的簡單快樂最美好。能夠用一句說出教訓,就代表真正讀懂了故事。
- 接著主角的心情閱讀時要一路追蹤主角的心情變化,因為心情的起伏就是故事的情緒線。可以用簡單的詞語在旁邊標記,例如 excited、worried、happy。舉個例子:Tom 看到窗外下雪,心裏覺得十分興奮,這種興奮推動他衝出去玩雪。能夠說出主角由什麼心情變成什麼心情,以及為什麼有這個轉變,就證明掌握了故事的脈絡。
- 由行為推性格作者很少直接說主角是個怎樣的人,多數透過行動與言語讓讀者自己推斷性格。方法是先找出主角做了什麼,再想想這種行為反映什麼特質。舉個例子:Tom 一知道下雪就立刻衝出去玩雪,由此可以推斷他是個 excited and playful 的孩子,喜歡戶外活動。答題時用「行為+性格詞」的格式,答案就有根有據,不容易流於空泛。
5例題示範 Example
問題:怎樣把故事 A Snow Day 拆解成開頭、中段、高潮、結尾與教訓五個部分?
- 第一步:開頭認清人物與場景 — 主角是 Tom,時間是冬天的一個早上,他正在望出窗外,故事的背景由此展開。
- 第二步:中段看發生了什麼事 — 窗外下雪了,Tom 與朋友一起出外玩雪,願望與行動在此出現,把情節向前推進。
- 第三步:高潮找出最精彩的位置 — Tom 與朋友在雪中玩得最開心的那一刻,是全故事情緒的最高點。
- 第四步:結尾交代怎樣收場 — Tom 玩完回家,喝着溫暖的東西,故事以溫馨的氣氛結束。
- 第五步:教訓用一個短句總結 — 與朋友一起享受的簡單快樂最美好,即 Simple joys with friends are the best。
- 答案:示範答案:故事的開頭介紹主角 Tom 與冬天的早上;中段寫下雪以及他與朋友出外玩雪;高潮是玩得最開心的那一刻;結尾以回家取暖的溫馨場面收場。教訓是 Simple joys with friends are the best。拆解時緊記按開頭、中段、高潮、結尾、教訓五個部分逐項作答,每個部分都寫出關鍵細節,答案就完整而有條理。
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
79 題快測 Quick check
Q1故事結構?
Q2主角是?
Q3問題是?
Q4教訓?
Q5作者?
Q6標題?
Q7Tom 用什麼做雪人的鼻子?
Q8誰幫 Tom 堆雪人?
Q9Tom 有什麼感受?
8重點回顧 Recap
- 故事三段式:beginning(人物背景)→ middle(問題)→ ending(解決)。
- 先認住 main character:Tom。
- 時間場景詞幫你入戲:one cold winter morning。
- 高潮(climax)是最精彩的一刻,留意作者點寫。
- 讀完用一句講回個教訓(moral)。