Adjectives 形容詞
基礎Adjectives 形容詞
- 形容詞放名詞前面：a big crowd、a red ribbon。
- 比較級（兩樣東西）：短字加 er，用 than 比較：faster than me.
- 最高級（三樣以上）：the + est：the tallest, the happiest.
文體小知識：Learn basic grammar.
§課文原文 Passage
1Yesterday was our school sports day. The sun was bright and the sky was blue. A big crowd of parents sat on the playground. The red flags waved above the track. Ken runs very fast, but I run more slowly. Amy jumped farther than me in the long jump. The tallest boy in P4B won the high jump. We listened carefully to the teacher's whistle.
2In the relay, our team ran faster than the other teams. We shouted loudly and cheered for each other. I got a small medal and a red ribbon. We were the happiest children on the playground. Ken said that I did well today. I felt proud because I tried my best.
3After the races, we shared water and sat under a tree. Everyone had a happy smile on their faces. Sports day is the best day of the school year. I am already training for the next one. I hope next year our class will do even better.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Yesterday was our school sports day.
昨天是我們學校的運動會。
The sun was bright and the sky was blue.
陽光很猛烈，天空很藍。
A big crowd of parents sat on the playground.
一大群家長坐在操場上看比賽。
The red flags waved above the track.
紅色的旗在跑道上面飄揚。
Ken runs very fast, but I run more slowly.
Ken 跑得好快，但我跑得比較慢。
Amy jumped farther than me in the long jump.
跳遠方面，Amy 跳得比我遠。
The tallest boy in P4B won the high jump.
P4B 最高的男孩贏了跳高。
We listened carefully to the teacher's whistle.
我們很留心地聽老師吹哨子。
In the relay, our team ran faster than the other teams.
接力賽裡面，我們那隊跑得比其他隊快。
We shouted loudly and cheered for each other.
我們大聲打氣，互相加油。
I got a small medal and a red ribbon.
我拿到一面小小的獎牌同一條紅絲帶。
We were the happiest children on the playground.
我們是操場上最開心的小朋友。
Ken said that I did well today.
Ken 說我今日表現得很好。
I felt proud because I tried my best.
我覺得好自豪，因為我已經盡了全力。
After the races, we shared water and sat under a tree.
比賽結束之後，我們一起喝水，坐在樹下面休息。
Everyone had a happy smile on their faces.
每個人都帶着開心的笑容。
Sports day is the best day of the school year.
運動會是一個學年裡面最好玩的一天。
I am already training for the next one.
我已經開始為下一次練習。
I hope next year our class will do even better.
我希望明年我們班會表現得更加好。
1重點摘要 Summary
Adjectives 形容詞
2生字卡 Vocabulary
大。比較級 bigger：a big crowd（一大班人）。
小。a small medal（一塊小獎牌）。
光猛、明亮。The sun was bright.
開心。最高級 the happiest：the happiest children.
快。形容詞：a fast runner；副詞都是 fast：run fast（不用加 ly）。
自豪。I felt proud because I tried my best.
色彩繽紛。colourful fish（很多彩的魚）。
更遠（far 的比較級）。Amy jumped farther than me.
3逐步講解 Steps
- 形容詞修飾名詞舉個例子：a big crowd（一大群人）、a red ribbon（一條紅絲帶）、the tallest boy（最高的男孩）。形容詞描述名詞的樣子，位置放在名詞前面。一個名詞前也可以放兩個形容詞，例如 a long red ribbon；易錯位是把形容詞放到名詞後面，說成 a ribbon red，英文不這樣表達，語序與中文並不相同，要特別留心。
- 放在 be 動詞後面也可以舉個例子：The sun was bright. The sky was blue. I felt proud. 形容詞另一個常見位置是 be 動詞或感官動詞之後，描述主語的狀態：主語加 is/was/felt 加形容詞。這時形容詞在句尾，後面不需要名詞；易錯位是這種句式漏掉 be 動詞，例如說 The sky blue 就不是完整句子，朗讀一次就能聽出問題。
- 比較級：兩樣東西比較舉個例子：短詞加 er：fast 變 faster；以 e 結尾加 r：nice 變 nicer；重讀閉音節雙寫尾字母：big 變 bigger；子音加 y 結尾變 ier：happy 變 happier。比較級用於兩樣東西互相比較；拼字規則要逐條記牢，因為默書最愛考 bigger 與 happier 這類要變形的詞，動筆前先判斷屬於哪條規則。
- 最高級：三樣或以上舉個例子：加 the 加 est：the tallest、the biggest、the happiest；長詞不用 est，改用 the most：the most beautiful。最高級用於三樣或以上東西的比較，前面必須帶 the；易錯位是漏掉 the，或給長詞加上 est，寫出 beautifulest。判斷方法是數一數比較對象：兩個用比較級，三個或以上才用最高級。
- 副詞多數加 ly舉個例子：slow 變 slowly，careful 變 carefully，loud 變 loudly，形容詞加 ly 變成副詞，用來描述動作怎樣進行，例如 He runs slowly.。例外要個別記：fast 的副詞仍是 fast，good 變 well；子音加 y 結尾變 ily，例如 happy 變 happily。易錯位是把 fast 寫成 fastly，這個詞在英文裡並不存在。
- 用 than 寫比較句舉個例子：Ken runs faster than me. Amy jumped farther than me. 比較句的句型是主語加動詞加比較級加 than 加比較對象，than 前後的兩樣東西要同類才可比，例如人與人比跑得快。寫作時先想清楚誰與誰比較，再選比較級；兩句比較連用時，第二句可用 but 開頭，令段落讀起來更有變化。
5例題示範 Example
問題：怎樣用比較級與最高級，把運動會的戰況寫得生動？
- 第一步：先數比較對象：兩樣東西用比較級，三樣或以上用最高級，形式選錯句子就不自然。
- 第二步：兩樣東西比較用 er 加 than，例如 Ken runs faster than me.，表示 Ken 與我兩人相比。
- 第三步：三樣或以上用 the 加 est，例如 Ken is the fastest runner in our class.，表示全班之中最快。
- 第四步：留意拼字規則：big 變 bigger 要雙寫 g，happy 變 happier 要把 y 變 i。
- 第五步：長詞不加 er：beautiful 的最高級是 the most beautiful，不能寫成 beautifuller。
- 答案：示範答案：Ken runs faster than me, but Amy jumped farther than me in the long jump. The tallest boy in P4B won the high jump. We were the happiest children on the playground.
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
75 題快測 Quick check
Q1quick 的副詞？
Q2big 的比較級？
Q3happy 的最高級？
Q4She sings ___ (beautiful).
Q5This is ___ (good) book.
8重點回顧 Recap
- 形容詞放名詞前面：a big crowd、a red ribbon。
- 比較級（兩樣東西）：短字加 er，用 than 比較：faster than me.
- 最高級（三樣以上）：the + est：the tallest, the happiest.
- big→bigger（雙寫）、happy→happier（y 變 ier）。
- 副詞修飾動詞，多數加 ly：slowly、carefully、loudly；fast 不變。