Pronouns 代名詞
基礎Pronouns 代名詞
- 主格做主詞：I、he、she、we、they；賓格做受詞：me、him、her、us、them。
- 所有格形容詞後面跟名詞：my card、her desk。
- 所有格代名詞自己企：These scissors are mine. That bottle is hers.
文體小知識：Learn basic grammar.
§課文原文 Passage
1Last week, our class made cards for our parents. I drew a picture of myself on my card. Amy painted flowers all by herself. Ken and Tom wrote poems by themselves. I asked Amy if that bottle of glue was hers. She said it was not hers, and it was Ken's.
2These scissors are mine, and those coloured pens are Tom's. Miss Lee showed us a card that she made when she was a student. We gave our cards to our mothers and fathers on Parents' Day. Our teacher took a photo of us with our cards. We showed them to everyone. They were very surprised and happy.
3My mother put my card on her desk at home. She told me that I made it by myself, and she was proud of me. It is only a small card, but it can make people smile. You can make one too, and it will be yours forever. Everyone loves a handmade gift.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Last week, our class made cards for our parents.
上個星期，我們班整了一些卡片給爸爸媽媽。
I drew a picture of myself on my card.
我在自己的卡片上面畫了一幅畫。
Amy painted flowers all by herself.
Amy 自己一個人畫了一些花。
Ken and Tom wrote poems by themselves.
Ken 同 Tom 自己寫了一些詩。
I asked Amy if that bottle of glue was hers.
我問 Amy 那樽漿糊是不是他的。
She said it was not hers, and it was Ken's.
他說不是他的，是 Ken 的。
These scissors are mine, and those coloured pens are Tom's.
這把剪刀是我的，那些彩色筆就是 Tom 的。
Miss Lee showed us a card that she made when she was a student.
李老師給我們看他做學生的時候整的一張卡片。
We gave our cards to our mothers and fathers on Parents' Day.
家長日那一天，我們把這些卡片送給爸爸媽媽。
Our teacher took a photo of us with our cards.
老師幫我們同這些卡片拍了一張照片。
We showed them to everyone.
我們把這些卡片給所有人看。
They were very surprised and happy.
他們覺得又驚喜又開心。
My mother put my card on her desk at home.
媽媽把我的卡片放在家裡她的書桌上面。
She told me that I made it by myself, and she was proud of me.
他說這是我自己親手整的，還說很為我驕傲。
It is only a small card, but it can make people smile.
他雖然只是一張小卡片，但都可以令人會心微笑。
You can make one too, and it will be yours forever.
你也可以整一張，他會永遠屬於你。
Everyone loves a handmade gift.
每個人都喜歡收到親手做的禮物。
1重點摘要 Summary
Pronouns 代名詞
2生字卡 Vocabulary
我。主格，做主詞：I drew a picture.
你 / 你們。You can make one too.
他（男）。賓格 him：I saw him yesterday.
她（女）。所有格 her：her desk.
它（事物／動物）。It is only a small card.
我們。賓格 us：Miss Lee showed us a card.
他們／它們。賓格 them：We showed them to everyone.
我的（不帶名詞）。These scissors are mine.
他們／它們自己。They wrote poems by themselves.
3逐步講解 Steps
- 主格做主詞舉個例子：I、you、he、she、it、we、they 是主格代名詞，放在句首做動作的主人：She made a card. We gave our cards to our parents. 判斷方法是看誰發出動作，就用誰的主格形式。易錯位是該用 she 時寫成 her，例如 Her made a card 是錯的；寫完把句子讀一次，檢查開頭那個詞是不是動作的發出者。
- 賓格做受詞舉個例子：me、you、him、her、it、us、them 是賓格代名詞，放在動詞或介詞後面承受動作：Miss Lee showed us a card. I saw him yesterday. 易錯位是在介詞後面誤用主格，例如 between you and I 應該是 between you and me；記住口訣：動詞或介詞之後，一律改用賓格形式，這樣就不會選錯。
- 所有格形容詞 + 名詞舉個例子：my、your、his、her、its、our、their 後面一定跟名詞：my card、her desk、their teachers。它們回答 whose 的問題，說明東西屬於誰；注意 its 表示它的，it's 是 it is 的縮寫，兩者完全不同，默書經常考。寫作時先問自己：這個詞後面有沒有名詞？有，才用所有格形容詞。
- 所有格代名詞單獨用舉個例子：mine、yours、his、hers、ours、theirs 後面不再跟名詞，單獨站在句尾：These scissors are mine. That bottle is hers. 比較兩組句式：This is my bottle 與 This bottle is mine，意思相同但結構不同。易錯位是寫出 mine bottle 這種重複；後面有名詞用 my，沒有名詞才用 mine。
- 反身代名詞舉個例子：myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、themselves 表示動作回到主語自己身上：Amy painted flowers all by herself. 常見用法有兩種：by oneself 表示獨自完成；主語與受詞是同一人時也要用，例如 I taught myself.。易錯位是把 himself 寫成 hisself，反身形式並沒有這種拼法。
- 指示代名詞舉個例子：this（這個）、that（那個）、these（這些）、those（那些）。近的單數用 this，遠的單數用 that；近的眾數用 these，遠的眾數用 those：These scissors are mine. Those pens are Tom's. 它們可做主語，也可放在名詞前做形容詞，例如 this book。易錯位是近遠不分，指著近處的東西卻說 that，作答前先確認距離與數量。
5例題示範 Example
問題：怎樣在一個句子裡選對主格、賓格、所有格與反身代名詞？
- 第一步：先問這個詞在句子裡擔當什麼角色：做動作的主人用主格，承受動作或跟在介詞後面用賓格。
- 第二步：主格放在句首做主語，例如 I made a card. She was proud.，兩句的開頭都是動作的發出者。
- 第三步：受詞位置跟在動詞或介詞之後，例如 Mum is proud of me. Give it to them.，of 與 to 後面都用賓格。
- 第四步：所有格看後面有沒有名詞：有名詞用 my、her、their，例如 my card；沒有名詞用 mine、hers、theirs，例如 It is mine.
- 第五步：主語與受詞是同一人時用反身代名詞，例如 I made it by myself.，強調獨自完成。
- 答案：示範答案：I made a card by myself and gave it to my mother. She was proud of me. Amy painted her card by herself, and Ken and Tom wrote theirs by themselves.
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
75 題快測 Quick check
Q1we 的賓格？
Q2they 的所有格？
Q3he 的反身代名詞？
Q4___ book（這本）
Q5___ are my friends.（那些）
8重點回顧 Recap
- 主格做主詞：I、he、she、we、they；賓格做受詞：me、him、her、us、them。
- 所有格形容詞後面跟名詞：my card、her desk。
- 所有格代名詞自己企：These scissors are mine. That bottle is hers.
- 反身代名詞：by myself / herself / themselves，主詞受詞同一人先用。
- 禮貌排序：My friend and I（不要講 Me and my friend）。