Nouns 名詞
基礎Nouns 名詞
- 眾數規則:一般加 s;s/x/ch/sh 加 es;子音 + y 變 ies。
- 五大不規則眾數:tooth→teeth、foot→feet、mouse→mice、child→children、leaf→leaves。
- 不可數名詞(water、milk、cheese、homework)不加 s,用 much 不用 many。
文體小知識:Learn basic grammar.
§課文原文 Passage
1Tomorrow our class is having an English party. Miss Lee gives us a shopping list. Ken and I go to the supermarket with two other children. We buy three packets of biscuits and two bottles of orange juice. Ken wants a glass of water because he is thirsty. We also buy some cat food for our pet cat.
2We also buy five apples, six bananas and a piece of cheese for the fruit salad. The shop assistant is kind to us children. I brush my teeth twice a day, so I buy a new toothbrush too. The two babies in the trolley next to us are crying loudly. A little mouse runs under the shelf, but it hides from us quickly.
3At night, I pack my school bag and count my pencils: one, two, three. My little brother loses his school things every week, but my books are always tidy. I check the shopping list one more time. Everything is ready. I cannot wait for the party tomorrow!
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Tomorrow our class is having an English party.
明天我們班會舉行一個英文派對。
Miss Lee gives us a shopping list.
李老師給了我們一張購物清單。
Ken and I go to the supermarket with two other children.
我同 Ken 還有另外兩個小朋友一起去超級市場。
We buy three packets of biscuits and two bottles of orange juice.
我們買了三包餅乾同兩樽橙汁。
Ken wants a glass of water because he is thirsty.
Ken 想要一杯水,因為他很口渴。
We also buy some cat food for our pet cat.
我們還買了一些貓糧給家裡的貓。
We also buy five apples, six bananas and a piece of cheese for the fruit salad.
我們還買了五個蘋果、六根香蕉同一塊芝士來整水果沙律。
The shop assistant is kind to us children.
店員對我們這些小朋友很友善。
I brush my teeth twice a day, so I buy a new toothbrush too.
我每日刷兩次牙,所以順便買了支新牙刷。
The two babies in the trolley next to us are crying loudly.
旁邊購物車上面兩個寶寶哭得好大聲。
A little mouse runs under the shelf, but it hides from us quickly.
有一隻小老鼠在貨架下面跑過,不過很快就躲起來了。
At night, I pack my school bag and count my pencils: one, two, three.
晚上我收拾書包,數一數那些鉛筆:一、二、三。
My little brother loses his school things every week, but my books are always tidy.
弟弟每個星期都會不見一些上學的東西,但我的書常常都好整齊。
I check the shopping list one more time.
我再檢查一次購物清單。
Everything is ready.
全部東西都準備好。
I cannot wait for the party tomorrow!
我好期待明天的派對呀!
1重點摘要 Summary
Nouns 名詞
2生字卡 Vocabulary
餅乾,一塊塊這樣數:three packets of biscuits(三包餅乾)。
果汁,液體不可數,要用樽裝:two bottles of orange juice。
芝士,不可數,切開一塊塊:a piece of cheese。
牙刷。tooth(牙)+ brush(刷)組合而成。
BB、嬰兒。眾數變 babies:two babies。
老鼠。不規則眾數:mouse→mice。
一包。量詞:a packet of biscuits。
一樽。量詞:a bottle of juice / water。
購物車,超市裡面推那種。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 可數名詞眾數:加 s / es舉個例子:一般情況直接加 s:apple 變 apples;以 s、x、ch、sh 結尾的詞加 es:bus 變 buses,watch 變 watches,因為這類結尾只加 s 會很難讀。背的時候讀成口訣:普通加 s,s、x、ch、sh 加 es;做練習時先看詞尾最後一兩個字母,再決定加 s 還是 es,就不會出錯。
- 子音 + y:變 ies舉個例子:baby 變 babies,cherry 變 cherries,規則是子音字母加 y 結尾時,先把 y 變 i 再加 es。但母音加 y 的詞直接加 s:boy 變 boys,key 變 keys,因為 ay、oy、ey 的讀音不需要改變。易錯位是不看 y 前面的字母一律變 ies,寫出 boies 這類錯詞;先圈出 y 前面那個字母再動筆。
- 不規則眾數要背舉個例子:tooth 變 teeth,foot 變 feet,mouse 變 mice,child 變 children,leaf 變 leaves。不規則眾數沒有公式,只能逐個記,但可以找竅門:tooth 與 foot 把 oo 變成 ee;f 或 fe 結尾常變 ves,例如 leaf、knife。每天挑兩個寫在生字卡上,一星期就能記住常用的一批,默書時特別容易考到。
- 不可數名詞不加 s舉個例子:water、milk、cheese、homework、information 都是不可數名詞,永遠不加 s,動詞用單數:There is some water. 不能說 two waters。判斷方法:不能一件一件倒出來數的東西與抽象概念,多數不可數。易錯位是受中文影響寫出 many homeworks;表達多要用 much homework 或 a lot of homework。
- 量詞短語幫忙數舉個例子:a glass of water(一杯水)、two bottles of orange juice(兩瓶橙汁)、three packets of biscuits(三包曲奇)、a piece of cheese(一塊芝士)。不可數名詞要說分量,就在前面加量詞短語:數字加量詞加 of;數量改變時只變數字與量詞,of 後面的名詞保持不變,例如 three glasses of water。
- 複合名詞舉個例子:兩個詞合成一個新詞:school bag(書包)、toothbrush(牙刷)、bus stop(巴士站)。複合名詞把兩個意思拼在一起,聯想意思就容易記:tooth 加 brush 就是刷牙的刷。要留意有的分開寫,有的連成一個字,串法以字典為準;遇到新詞時先想想它是不是複合詞,記一個詞等於同時記住兩個意思。
5例題示範 Example
問題:怎樣用不規則眾數與不可數名詞,寫一份正確的購物清單?
- 第一步:先認出不可數名詞:water、milk、cheese、homework 一類詞不能加 s,是清單上最容易寫錯的部分。
- 第二步:不可數名詞用 much 不用 many:說 much homework,不能說 many homeworks。
- 第三步:要說明分量就用量詞短語:two bottles of juice、a piece of cheese,分量改變時只改數字與量詞。
- 第四步:不規則眾數逐個記:tooth 變 teeth、foot 變 feet、mouse 變 mice、child 變 children,沒有公式可套。
- 第五步:自己試寫一句,告訴別人你買了什麼:I bought three packets of biscuits and two bottles of orange juice.,寫完逐一檢查名詞。
- 答案:示範答案:We bought three packets of biscuits, two bottles of orange juice, five apples, six bananas and a piece of cheese. My little brother lost two teeth last month, and the two babies in the trolley are crying.
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
75 題快測 Quick check
Q1bus 的眾數?
Q2a ___ of water(杯)
Q3tooth 的眾數?
Q4a ___ of advice(則)
Q5child 的眾數?
8重點回顧 Recap
- 眾數規則:一般加 s;s/x/ch/sh 加 es;子音 + y 變 ies。
- 五大不規則眾數:tooth→teeth、foot→feet、mouse→mice、child→children、leaf→leaves。
- 不可數名詞(water、milk、cheese、homework)不加 s,用 much 不用 many。
- 量詞片語:a glass of / a bottle of / a packet of / a piece of。
- 複合名詞兩個字變一個:school bag、toothbrush、bus stop。