Adjectives 形容词
基础Adjectives 形容词
- 形容词放名词前面：a big crowd、a red ribbon。
- 比较级（两样东西）：短字加 er，用 than 比较：faster than me.
- 最高级（三样以上）：the + est：the tallest, the happiest.
文体小知识：Learn basic grammar.
§课文原文 Passage
1Yesterday was our school sports day. The sun was bright and the sky was blue. A big crowd of parents sat on the playground. The red flags waved above the track. Ken runs very fast, but I run more slowly. Amy jumped farther than me in the long jump. The tallest boy in P4B won the high jump. We listened carefully to the teacher's whistle.
2In the relay, our team ran faster than the other teams. We shouted loudly and cheered for each other. I got a small medal and a red ribbon. We were the happiest children on the playground. Ken said that I did well today. I felt proud because I tried my best.
3After the races, we shared water and sat under a tree. Everyone had a happy smile on their faces. Sports day is the best day of the school year. I am already training for the next one. I hope next year our class will do even better.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Yesterday was our school sports day.
昨天是我们学校的运动会。
The sun was bright and the sky was blue.
阳光很猛烈，天空很蓝。
A big crowd of parents sat on the playground.
一大群家长坐在操场上看比赛。
The red flags waved above the track.
红色的旗在跑道上面飘扬。
Ken runs very fast, but I run more slowly.
Ken 跑得好快，但我跑得比较慢。
Amy jumped farther than me in the long jump.
跳远方面，Amy 跳得比我远。
The tallest boy in P4B won the high jump.
P4B 最高的男孩赢了跳高。
We listened carefully to the teacher's whistle.
我们很留心地听老师吹哨子。
In the relay, our team ran faster than the other teams.
接力赛里面，我们那队跑得比其他队快。
We shouted loudly and cheered for each other.
我们大声打气，互相加油。
I got a small medal and a red ribbon.
我拿到一面小小的奖牌同一条红丝带。
We were the happiest children on the playground.
我们是操场上最开心的小朋友。
Ken said that I did well today.
Ken 说我今日表现得很好。
I felt proud because I tried my best.
我觉得好自豪，因为我已经尽了全力。
After the races, we shared water and sat under a tree.
比赛结束之后，我们一起喝水，坐在树下面休息。
Everyone had a happy smile on their faces.
每个人都带着开心的笑容。
Sports day is the best day of the school year.
运动会是一个学年里面最好玩的一天。
I am already training for the next one.
我已经开始为下一次练习。
I hope next year our class will do even better.
我希望明年我们班会表现得更加好。
1重点摘要 Summary
Adjectives 形容词
2生字卡 Vocabulary
大。比较级 bigger：a big crowd（一大班人）。
小。a small medal（一块小奖牌）。
光猛、明亮。The sun was bright.
开心。最高级 the happiest：the happiest children.
快。形容词：a fast runner；副词都是 fast：run fast（不用加 ly）。
自豪。I felt proud because I tried my best.
色彩缤纷。colourful fish（很多彩的鱼）。
更远（far 的比较级）。Amy jumped farther than me.
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 形容词修饰名词举个例子：a big crowd（一大群人）、a red ribbon（一条红丝带）、the tallest boy（最高的男孩）。形容词描述名词的样子，位置放在名词前面。一个名词前也可以放两个形容词，例如 a long red ribbon；易错位是把形容词放到名词后面，说成 a ribbon red，英文不这样表达，语序与中文并不相同，要特别留心。
- 放在 be 动词后面也可以举个例子：The sun was bright. The sky was blue. I felt proud. 形容词另一个常见位置是 be 动词或感官动词之后，描述主语的状态：主语加 is/was/felt 加形容词。这时形容词在句尾，后面不需要名词；易错位是这种句式漏掉 be 动词，例如说 The sky blue 就不是完整句子，朗读一次就能听出问题。
- 比较级：两样东西比较举个例子：短词加 er：fast 变 faster；以 e 结尾加 r：nice 变 nicer；重读闭音节双写尾字母：big 变 bigger；子音加 y 结尾变 ier：happy 变 happier。比较级用于两样东西互相比较；拼字规则要逐条记牢，因为默书最爱考 bigger 与 happier 这类要变形的词，动笔前先判断属于哪条规则。
- 最高级：三样或以上举个例子：加 the 加 est：the tallest、the biggest、the happiest；长词不用 est，改用 the most：the most beautiful。最高级用于三样或以上东西的比较，前面必须带 the；易错位是漏掉 the，或给长词加上 est，写出 beautifulest。判断方法是数一数比较对象：两个用比较级，三个或以上才用最高级。
- 副词多数加 ly举个例子：slow 变 slowly，careful 变 carefully，loud 变 loudly，形容词加 ly 变成副词，用来描述动作怎样进行，例如 He runs slowly.。例外要个别记：fast 的副词仍是 fast，good 变 well；子音加 y 结尾变 ily，例如 happy 变 happily。易错位是把 fast 写成 fastly，这个词在英文里并不存在。
- 用 than 写比较句举个例子：Ken runs faster than me. Amy jumped farther than me. 比较句的句型是主语加动词加比较级加 than 加比较对象，than 前后的两样东西要同类才可比，例如人与人比跑得快。写作时先想清楚谁与谁比较，再选比较级；两句比较连用时，第二句可用 but 开头，令段落读起来更有变化。
5例题示范 Example
问题：怎样用比较级与最高级，把运动会的战况写得生动？
- 第一步：先数比较对象：两样东西用比较级，三样或以上用最高级，形式选错句子就不自然。
- 第二步：两样东西比较用 er 加 than，例如 Ken runs faster than me.，表示 Ken 与我两人相比。
- 第三步：三样或以上用 the 加 est，例如 Ken is the fastest runner in our class.，表示全班之中最快。
- 第四步：留意拼字规则：big 变 bigger 要双写 g，happy 变 happier 要把 y 变 i。
- 第五步：长词不加 er：beautiful 的最高级是 the most beautiful，不能写成 beautifuller。
- 答案：示范答案：Ken runs faster than me, but Amy jumped farther than me in the long jump. The tallest boy in P4B won the high jump. We were the happiest children on the playground.
6常见错误 Mistakes
75 题快测 Quick check
Q1quick 的副词？
Q2big 的比较级？
Q3happy 的最高级？
Q4She sings ___ (beautiful).
Q5This is ___ (good) book.
8重点回顾 Recap
- 形容词放名词前面：a big crowd、a red ribbon。
- 比较级（两样东西）：短字加 er，用 than 比较：faster than me.
- 最高级（三样以上）：the + est：the tallest, the happiest.
- big→bigger（双写）、happy→happier（y 变 ier）。
- 副词修饰动词，多数加 ly：slowly、carefully、loudly；fast 不变。