Nouns 名词
基础Nouns 名词
- 众数规则：一般加 s；s/x/ch/sh 加 es；子音 + y 变 ies。
- 五大不规则众数：tooth→teeth、foot→feet、mouse→mice、child→children、leaf→leaves。
- 不可数名词（water、milk、cheese、homework）不加 s，用 much 不用 many。
文体小知识：Learn basic grammar.
§课文原文 Passage
1Tomorrow our class is having an English party. Miss Lee gives us a shopping list. Ken and I go to the supermarket with two other children. We buy three packets of biscuits and two bottles of orange juice. Ken wants a glass of water because he is thirsty. We also buy some cat food for our pet cat.
2We also buy five apples, six bananas and a piece of cheese for the fruit salad. The shop assistant is kind to us children. I brush my teeth twice a day, so I buy a new toothbrush too. The two babies in the trolley next to us are crying loudly. A little mouse runs under the shelf, but it hides from us quickly.
3At night, I pack my school bag and count my pencils: one, two, three. My little brother loses his school things every week, but my books are always tidy. I check the shopping list one more time. Everything is ready. I cannot wait for the party tomorrow!
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Tomorrow our class is having an English party.
明天我们班会举行一个英文派对。
Miss Lee gives us a shopping list.
李老师给了我们一张购物清单。
Ken and I go to the supermarket with two other children.
我同 Ken 还有另外两个小朋友一起去超级市场。
We buy three packets of biscuits and two bottles of orange juice.
我们买了三包饼干同两樽橙汁。
Ken wants a glass of water because he is thirsty.
Ken 想要一杯水，因为他很口渴。
We also buy some cat food for our pet cat.
我们还买了一些猫粮给家里的猫。
We also buy five apples, six bananas and a piece of cheese for the fruit salad.
我们还买了五个苹果、六根香蕉同一块芝士来整水果沙律。
The shop assistant is kind to us children.
店员对我们这些小朋友很友善。
I brush my teeth twice a day, so I buy a new toothbrush too.
我每日刷两次牙，所以顺便买了支新牙刷。
The two babies in the trolley next to us are crying loudly.
旁边购物车上面两个宝宝哭得好大声。
A little mouse runs under the shelf, but it hides from us quickly.
有一只小老鼠在货架下面跑过，不过很快就躲起来了。
At night, I pack my school bag and count my pencils: one, two, three.
晚上我收拾书包，数一数那些铅笔：一、二、三。
My little brother loses his school things every week, but my books are always tidy.
弟弟每个星期都会不见一些上学的东西，但我的书常常都好整齐。
I check the shopping list one more time.
我再检查一次购物清单。
Everything is ready.
全部东西都准备好。
I cannot wait for the party tomorrow!
我好期待明天的派对呀！
1重点摘要 Summary
Nouns 名词
2生字卡 Vocabulary
饼干，一块块这样数：three packets of biscuits（三包饼干）。
果汁，液体不可数，要用樽装：two bottles of orange juice。
芝士，不可数，切开一块块：a piece of cheese。
牙刷。tooth（牙）+ brush（刷）组合而成。
BB、婴儿。众数变 babies：two babies。
老鼠。不规则众数：mouse→mice。
一包。量词：a packet of biscuits。
一樽。量词：a bottle of juice / water。
购物车，超市里面推那种。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 可数名词众数：加 s / es举个例子：一般情况直接加 s：apple 变 apples；以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的词加 es：bus 变 buses，watch 变 watches，因为这类结尾只加 s 会很难读。背的时候读成口诀：普通加 s，s、x、ch、sh 加 es；做练习时先看词尾最后一两个字母，再决定加 s 还是 es，就不会出错。
- 子音 + y：变 ies举个例子：baby 变 babies，cherry 变 cherries，规则是子音字母加 y 结尾时，先把 y 变 i 再加 es。但母音加 y 的词直接加 s：boy 变 boys，key 变 keys，因为 ay、oy、ey 的读音不需要改变。易错位是不看 y 前面的字母一律变 ies，写出 boies 这类错词；先圈出 y 前面那个字母再动笔。
- 不规则众数要背举个例子：tooth 变 teeth，foot 变 feet，mouse 变 mice，child 变 children，leaf 变 leaves。不规则众数没有公式，只能逐个记，但可以找窍门：tooth 与 foot 把 oo 变成 ee；f 或 fe 结尾常变 ves，例如 leaf、knife。每天挑两个写在生字卡上，一星期就能记住常用的一批，默书时特别容易考到。
- 不可数名词不加 s举个例子：water、milk、cheese、homework、information 都是不可数名词，永远不加 s，动词用单数：There is some water. 不能说 two waters。判断方法：不能一件一件倒出来数的东西与抽象概念，多数不可数。易错位是受中文影响写出 many homeworks；表达多要用 much homework 或 a lot of homework。
- 量词短语帮忙数举个例子：a glass of water（一杯水）、two bottles of orange juice（两瓶橙汁）、three packets of biscuits（三包曲奇）、a piece of cheese（一块芝士）。不可数名词要说分量，就在前面加量词短语：数字加量词加 of；数量改变时只变数字与量词，of 后面的名词保持不变，例如 three glasses of water。
- 复合名词举个例子：两个词合成一个新词：school bag（书包）、toothbrush（牙刷）、bus stop（巴士站）。复合名词把两个意思拼在一起，联想意思就容易记：tooth 加 brush 就是刷牙的刷。要留意有的分开写，有的连成一个字，串法以字典为准；遇到新词时先想想它是不是复合词，记一个词等于同时记住两个意思。
5例题示范 Example
问题：怎样用不规则众数与不可数名词，写一份正确的购物清单？
- 第一步：先认出不可数名词：water、milk、cheese、homework 一类词不能加 s，是清单上最容易写错的部分。
- 第二步：不可数名词用 much 不用 many：说 much homework，不能说 many homeworks。
- 第三步：要说明分量就用量词短语：two bottles of juice、a piece of cheese，分量改变时只改数字与量词。
- 第四步：不规则众数逐个记：tooth 变 teeth、foot 变 feet、mouse 变 mice、child 变 children，没有公式可套。
- 第五步：自己试写一句，告诉别人你买了什么：I bought three packets of biscuits and two bottles of orange juice.，写完逐一检查名词。
- 答案：示范答案：We bought three packets of biscuits, two bottles of orange juice, five apples, six bananas and a piece of cheese. My little brother lost two teeth last month, and the two babies in the trolley are crying.
6常见错误 Mistakes
75 题快测 Quick check
Q1bus 的众数？
Q2a ___ of water（杯）
Q3tooth 的众数？
Q4a ___ of advice（则）
Q5child 的众数？
8重点回顾 Recap
- 众数规则：一般加 s；s/x/ch/sh 加 es；子音 + y 变 ies。
- 五大不规则众数：tooth→teeth、foot→feet、mouse→mice、child→children、leaf→leaves。
- 不可数名词（water、milk、cheese、homework）不加 s，用 much 不用 many。
- 量词片语：a glass of / a bottle of / a packet of / a piece of。
- 复合名词两个字变一个：school bag、toothbrush、bus stop。