Pronouns 代名词
基础Pronouns 代名词
- 主格做主词：I、he、she、we、they；宾格做受词：me、him、her、us、them。
- 所有格形容词后面跟名词：my card、her desk。
- 所有格代名词自己企：These scissors are mine. That bottle is hers.
文体小知识：Learn basic grammar.
§课文原文 Passage
1Last week, our class made cards for our parents. I drew a picture of myself on my card. Amy painted flowers all by herself. Ken and Tom wrote poems by themselves. I asked Amy if that bottle of glue was hers. She said it was not hers, and it was Ken's.
2These scissors are mine, and those coloured pens are Tom's. Miss Lee showed us a card that she made when she was a student. We gave our cards to our mothers and fathers on Parents' Day. Our teacher took a photo of us with our cards. We showed them to everyone. They were very surprised and happy.
3My mother put my card on her desk at home. She told me that I made it by myself, and she was proud of me. It is only a small card, but it can make people smile. You can make one too, and it will be yours forever. Everyone loves a handmade gift.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Last week, our class made cards for our parents.
上个星期，我们班整了一些卡片给爸爸妈妈。
I drew a picture of myself on my card.
我在自己的卡片上面画了一幅画。
Amy painted flowers all by herself.
Amy 自己一个人画了一些花。
Ken and Tom wrote poems by themselves.
Ken 同 Tom 自己写了一些诗。
I asked Amy if that bottle of glue was hers.
我问 Amy 那樽浆糊是不是他的。
She said it was not hers, and it was Ken's.
他说不是他的，是 Ken 的。
These scissors are mine, and those coloured pens are Tom's.
这把剪刀是我的，那些彩色笔就是 Tom 的。
Miss Lee showed us a card that she made when she was a student.
李老师给我们看他做学生的时候整的一张卡片。
We gave our cards to our mothers and fathers on Parents' Day.
家长日那一天，我们把这些卡片送给爸爸妈妈。
Our teacher took a photo of us with our cards.
老师帮我们同这些卡片拍了一张照片。
We showed them to everyone.
我们把这些卡片给所有人看。
They were very surprised and happy.
他们觉得又惊喜又开心。
My mother put my card on her desk at home.
妈妈把我的卡片放在家里她的书桌上面。
She told me that I made it by myself, and she was proud of me.
他说这是我自己亲手整的，还说很为我骄傲。
It is only a small card, but it can make people smile.
他虽然只是一张小卡片，但都可以令人会心微笑。
You can make one too, and it will be yours forever.
你也可以整一张，他会永远属于你。
Everyone loves a handmade gift.
每个人都喜欢收到亲手做的礼物。
1重点摘要 Summary
Pronouns 代名词
2生字卡 Vocabulary
我。主格，做主词：I drew a picture.
你 / 你们。You can make one too.
他（男）。宾格 him：I saw him yesterday.
她（女）。所有格 her：her desk.
它（事物／动物）。It is only a small card.
我们。宾格 us：Miss Lee showed us a card.
他们／它们。宾格 them：We showed them to everyone.
我的（不带名词）。These scissors are mine.
他们／它们自己。They wrote poems by themselves.
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 主格做主词举个例子：I、you、he、she、it、we、they 是主格代名词，放在句首做动作的主人：She made a card. We gave our cards to our parents. 判断方法是看谁发出动作，就用谁的主格形式。易错位是该用 she 时写成 her，例如 Her made a card 是错的；写完把句子读一次，检查开头那个词是不是动作的发出者。
- 宾格做受词举个例子：me、you、him、her、it、us、them 是宾格代名词，放在动词或介词后面承受动作：Miss Lee showed us a card. I saw him yesterday. 易错位是在介词后面误用主格，例如 between you and I 应该是 between you and me；记住口诀：动词或介词之后，一律改用宾格形式，这样就不会选错。
- 所有格形容词 + 名词举个例子：my、your、his、her、its、our、their 后面一定跟名词：my card、her desk、their teachers。它们回答 whose 的问题，说明东西属于谁；注意 its 表示它的，it's 是 it is 的缩写，两者完全不同，默书经常考。写作时先问自己：这个词后面有没有名词？有，才用所有格形容词。
- 所有格代名词单独用举个例子：mine、yours、his、hers、ours、theirs 后面不再跟名词，单独站在句尾：These scissors are mine. That bottle is hers. 比较两组句式：This is my bottle 与 This bottle is mine，意思相同但结构不同。易错位是写出 mine bottle 这种重复；后面有名词用 my，没有名词才用 mine。
- 反身代名词举个例子：myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、themselves 表示动作回到主语自己身上：Amy painted flowers all by herself. 常见用法有两种：by oneself 表示独自完成；主语与受词是同一人时也要用，例如 I taught myself.。易错位是把 himself 写成 hisself，反身形式并没有这种拼法。
- 指示代名词举个例子：this（这个）、that（那个）、these（这些）、those（那些）。近的单数用 this，远的单数用 that；近的众数用 these，远的众数用 those：These scissors are mine. Those pens are Tom's. 它们可做主语，也可放在名词前做形容词，例如 this book。易错位是近远不分，指著近处的东西却说 that，作答前先确认距离与数量。
5例题示范 Example
问题：怎样在一个句子里选对主格、宾格、所有格与反身代名词？
- 第一步：先问这个词在句子里担当什么角色：做动作的主人用主格，承受动作或跟在介词后面用宾格。
- 第二步：主格放在句首做主语，例如 I made a card. She was proud.，两句的开头都是动作的发出者。
- 第三步：受词位置跟在动词或介词之后，例如 Mum is proud of me. Give it to them.，of 与 to 后面都用宾格。
- 第四步：所有格看后面有没有名词：有名词用 my、her、their，例如 my card；没有名词用 mine、hers、theirs，例如 It is mine.
- 第五步：主语与受词是同一人时用反身代名词，例如 I made it by myself.，强调独自完成。
- 答案：示范答案：I made a card by myself and gave it to my mother. She was proud of me. Amy painted her card by herself, and Ken and Tom wrote theirs by themselves.
6常见错误 Mistakes
75 题快测 Quick check
Q1we 的宾格？
Q2they 的所有格？
Q3he 的反身代名词？
Q4___ book（这本）
Q5___ are my friends.（那些）
8重点回顾 Recap
- 主格做主词：I、he、she、we、they；宾格做受词：me、him、her、us、them。
- 所有格形容词后面跟名词：my card、her desk。
- 所有格代名词自己企：These scissors are mine. That bottle is hers.
- 反身代名词：by myself / herself / themselves，主词受词同一人先用。
- 礼貌排序：My friend and I（不要讲 Me and my friend）。