Figurative Language 修辭手法
進階Figurative Language.
- Simile 明喻：like / as——raindrops like thousands of tiny stones
- Metaphor 隱喻：直接講是——Dark clouds were a heavy blanket.
- Personification 擬人：The wind screamed · the curtains danced · the sun rose shyly
文體小知識：Simile, metaphor, personification — make writing vivid.
§課文原文 Passage
1The typhoon arrived in Hong Kong like an uninvited guest, just as the evening news ended. Dark clouds were a heavy blanket that covered the whole city before sunset. The wind screamed through the gaps of the old windows and rattled every door in the flat. Our building swayed so gently that Mum said it felt like being on a ship. By ten o'clock, every shop downstairs had pulled down its metal gate, and the streets lay empty.
2Raindrops attacked the glass like thousands of tiny stones. Inside the flat, the curtains danced wildly although every window was shut. My little brother was so frightened that he jumped a metre high when the thunder roared. Dad told us jokes and made hot lemon tea, which warmed the room better than any heater. Through the vivid orange glow of the street lamps, I could see branches flying past like birds.
3All night, the city rocked as if it were a small boat on a dark sea. The rain did not stop; it only changed its rhythm, from drumming to whispering. When morning finally came, the sun rose shyly above the wet streets. The world looked fresh and new, and the sky was washed clean. Outside, neighbours swept leaves together and shared stories about the night the wind sang.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
The typhoon arrived in Hong Kong like an uninvited guest, just as the evening news ended.
颱風就好像一位不速之客，在晚間新聞播完那時抵達香港。
Dark clouds were a heavy blanket that covered the whole city before sunset.
日落之前，烏雲就好像一張厚毯，覆蓋著整個城市。
The wind screamed through the gaps of the old windows and rattled every door in the flat.
狂風在舊窗的縫隙間尖叫，震得家裡每道門都咯咯響。
Our building swayed so gently that Mum said it felt like being on a ship.
我們那棟樓輕輕搖晃，媽媽說似是坐在船上。
By ten o'clock, every shop downstairs had pulled down its metal gate, and the streets lay empty.
到晚上十點，樓下所有店舖都拉下了閘，街上空空如也。
Raindrops attacked the glass like thousands of tiny stones.
雨點好像成千上萬粒小石頭般攻擊玻璃窗。
Inside the flat, the curtains danced wildly although every window was shut.
在家裡面，明明所有窗都關緊了，窗簾都還是瘋狂地跳舞。
My little brother was so frightened that he jumped a metre high when the thunder roared.
弟弟嚇得雷聲一響就跳起一米高。
Dad told us jokes and made hot lemon tea, which warmed the room better than any heater.
爸爸講笑話給我們聽，又沖了熱檸檬茶，比任何暖爐都暖。
Through the vivid orange glow of the street lamps, I could see branches flying past like birds.
透過街燈鮮艷的橙色光暈，我看到樹枝好像雀鳥般飛過。
All night, the city rocked as if it were a small boat on a dark sea.
整晚，城市就好像漆黑大海上的一隻小船般搖晃。
The rain did not stop; it only changed its rhythm, from drumming to whispering.
雨一直沒有停，只是換了節奏，由打鼓變成細語。
When morning finally came, the sun rose shyly above the wet streets.
到早上終於來到，太陽羞答答地在濕透的街道上升起。
The world looked fresh and new, and the sky was washed clean.
世界看起來清新又嶄新，天空都被洗得乾乾淨淨。
Outside, neighbours swept leaves together and shared stories about the night the wind sang.
外面，街坊一起掃樹葉，互相分享那晚風唱歌的故事。
1重點摘要 Summary
Figurative Language.
2生字卡 Vocabulary
明喻（like/as）。
暗喻。
擬人。
誇張。
意象。
生動。
比較。
描寫。
3逐步講解 Steps
- Simile考點：simile 明喻是修辭辨識題的基礎項，識別標誌是 like 與 as，本體喻體的分析是答題的必備兩步。方法：見到 like 或 as 連接兩個本質不同的事物，即判定為明喻，並進一步指出本體與喻體。例如：範文寫 The typhoon arrived like an uninvited guest，颱風像不速之客；又如 Raindrops attacked the glass like thousands of tiny stones，雨點像千萬顆小石子砸向玻璃。易錯處：考生常把 as many as 一類比較結構誤當明喻，那只是數量比較；明喻必須是兩類不同事物的相像，辨認時先看結構再看意思，兩者皆符才下判斷。
- Metaphor考點：metaphor 暗喻考查對直接等同結構的識別，與明喻的區別是必考比較點，兩者對比題年年出現。方法：判斷句式是否把 A 直接說成是 B，中間不插任何 like 或 as。例如：範文寫 Dark clouds were a heavy blanket that covered the whole city，烏雲就是一床厚氈，蓋住全城；雲與氈直接畫上等號，語氣比明喻更強硬，畫面更濃縮。易錯處：考生常見到 were 便以為只是普通的過去式動詞，忽略暗喻身份；亦常把明喻誤判為暗喻，分水嶺只有一條：有 like 或 as 是明喻，直接說是便是暗喻。
- Personification考點：personification 擬人考查對非人事物獲賦人類動作的識別，判斷標準是動作是否本屬人類專有。方法：檢查句中動作的主語是否為無生命或非人事物，動作是否帶有人類的情感色彩。例如：範文寫 The wind screamed through the gaps，風在縫隙間尖叫；the curtains danced wildly，窗簾狂舞；the sun rose shyly，太陽羞怯地升起。風會尖叫、窗簾會跳舞、太陽會害羞，非人的事物獲得人的動作與情感，畫面立即活起來。易錯處：考生常把一般動作當擬人，例如 the wind blew 只是自然描述；擬人的關鍵是動作本屬人類，如尖叫、跳舞、害羞。
- 用途考點：修辭效果題考查考生說出修辭的功用，只辨認而不說效果只能得一半分，效果必須落到畫面與感受兩方面。方法：從畫面感與讀者感受兩個角度作答，並緊扣具體句子。例如：範文寫 the city rocked as if it were a small boat on a dark sea，全城搖晃，如同黑海上一葉小舟；as if 引導的比喻令讀者彷彿置身颱風之夜，親身感受樓宇的搖晃，恐懼感油然而生。易錯處：考生常答 makes the passage interesting 便算，過於空泛；效果必須說明它令什麼畫面浮現、令讀者產生什麼感受，句句扣住原文。
- Hyperbole 誇張考點：hyperbole 誇張法考查對非字面語言的識別，誤把誇張當事實會直接誤解文章，是理解題的隱形陷阱。方法：判斷陳述在現實中是否可能，不可能者即為誇張，並推出它真正強調的情感。例如：測驗題 I could sleep for a year，我可以睡上一年；一年顯然是誇張，重點在於極度疲倦，而非真的睡上一年，理解時須還原為情感強度。易錯處：考生常按字面翻譯，得出不合情理的理解；或反過來把真實陳述誤判為誇張；判準只有一條，即現實是否可能，認得誇張才不會誤讀文意。
- 辨認練習考點：四種修辭的混合辨認是測驗與考試的標準題型，要求在一句之內正確歸類，流程化檢查是提速的關鍵。方法：按固定次序檢查：先看有無 like 或 as，有則為 simile；再看有無直接說是，有則為 metaphor；再看非人事物是否做出人類動作，是則為 personification；最後檢查是否明顯不合現實，是則為 hyperbole。例如：Her smile is like sunshine 是 simile，Time is a thief 是 metaphor，The wind whispered 是 personification，I could sleep for a year 是 hyperbole。易錯處：考生常把 metaphor 與 personification 混淆；一句可以兼備兩者，答題以最突出的特徵歸類。
- 寫作應用考點：修辭運用題考查在寫作中恰到好處地使用比喻，堆砌與空白同樣失分，喻體與情境的匹配度是評分核心。方法：每段選用一個精準比喻，寫後檢查喻體與情境是否相配，寧精勿多。例如：範文寫 My little brother jumped a metre high when the thunder roared，雷聲一響，弟弟跳起一公尺高，動作描寫配合誇張，一句已有戲劇感；一個貼切的比喻勝過三個堆砌的比喻。易錯處：考生常連用多個比喻令句子失焦，或喻體與語境脫節，例如在恐怖場面寫像棉花糖；寫完朗讀一次，比喻必須自然貼切，畫面統一才見功力。
4圖解 Diagrams
5例題示範 Example
任務：用 simile、metaphor 和 personification 各寫一句，描述一場暴風雨。
- 第一步：Simile 明喻用 like / as——The raindrops attacked the glass like thousands of tiny stones.
- 第二步：Metaphor 隱喻直接講是——Dark clouds were a heavy blanket that covered the whole city.
- 第三步：Personification 擬人——The wind screamed through the gaps of the old windows.
- 第四步：加 as if / as though 變化——The city rocked as if it were a small boat on a dark sea.
- 第五步：檢查——比喻要自然貼切，不要一句堆幾個。
- 答案：The typhoon arrived like an uninvited guest (simile). Dark clouds were a heavy blanket over the city (metaphor). The wind screamed through the windows and the curtains danced wildly (personification). The city rocked as if it were a small boat on a dark sea, and when morning came, the sun rose shyly above the washed-clean streets. 好的 figurative language 令讀者彷彿身處風暴之中。
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
76 題快測 Quick check
Q1「Her smile is like sunshine」？
Q2「Time is a thief」？
Q3「The wind whispered」？
Q4「I could sleep for a year」？
Q5Simile 特徵？
Q6怎樣用比喻寫作？
8重點回顧 Recap
- Simile 明喻：like / as——raindrops like thousands of tiny stones
- Metaphor 隱喻：直接講是——Dark clouds were a heavy blanket.
- Personification 擬人：The wind screamed · the curtains danced · the sun rose shyly
- as if / as though 都得：as if it were a small boat
- 比喻服務畫面——一個精準比喻勝過三個堆砌