Figurative Language 修辞手法
进阶Figurative Language.
- Simile 明喻：like / as——raindrops like thousands of tiny stones
- Metaphor 隐喻：直接讲是——Dark clouds were a heavy blanket.
- Personification 拟人：The wind screamed · the curtains danced · the sun rose shyly
文体小知识：Simile, metaphor, personification — make writing vivid.
§课文原文 Passage
1The typhoon arrived in Hong Kong like an uninvited guest, just as the evening news ended. Dark clouds were a heavy blanket that covered the whole city before sunset. The wind screamed through the gaps of the old windows and rattled every door in the flat. Our building swayed so gently that Mum said it felt like being on a ship. By ten o'clock, every shop downstairs had pulled down its metal gate, and the streets lay empty.
2Raindrops attacked the glass like thousands of tiny stones. Inside the flat, the curtains danced wildly although every window was shut. My little brother was so frightened that he jumped a metre high when the thunder roared. Dad told us jokes and made hot lemon tea, which warmed the room better than any heater. Through the vivid orange glow of the street lamps, I could see branches flying past like birds.
3All night, the city rocked as if it were a small boat on a dark sea. The rain did not stop; it only changed its rhythm, from drumming to whispering. When morning finally came, the sun rose shyly above the wet streets. The world looked fresh and new, and the sky was washed clean. Outside, neighbours swept leaves together and shared stories about the night the wind sang.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
The typhoon arrived in Hong Kong like an uninvited guest, just as the evening news ended.
台风就好像一位不速之客，在晚间新闻播完那时抵达香港。
Dark clouds were a heavy blanket that covered the whole city before sunset.
日落之前，乌云就好像一张厚毯，覆盖著整个城市。
The wind screamed through the gaps of the old windows and rattled every door in the flat.
狂风在旧窗的缝隙间尖叫，震得家里每道门都咯咯响。
Our building swayed so gently that Mum said it felt like being on a ship.
我们那栋楼轻轻摇晃，妈妈说似是坐在船上。
By ten o'clock, every shop downstairs had pulled down its metal gate, and the streets lay empty.
到晚上十点，楼下所有店舖都拉下了闸，街上空空如也。
Raindrops attacked the glass like thousands of tiny stones.
雨点好像成千上万粒小石头般攻击玻璃窗。
Inside the flat, the curtains danced wildly although every window was shut.
在家里面，明明所有窗都关紧了，窗帘都还是疯狂地跳舞。
My little brother was so frightened that he jumped a metre high when the thunder roared.
弟弟吓得雷声一响就跳起一米高。
Dad told us jokes and made hot lemon tea, which warmed the room better than any heater.
爸爸讲笑话给我们听，又冲了热柠檬茶，比任何暖炉都暖。
Through the vivid orange glow of the street lamps, I could see branches flying past like birds.
透过街灯鲜艳的橙色光晕，我看到树枝好像雀鸟般飞过。
All night, the city rocked as if it were a small boat on a dark sea.
整晚，城市就好像漆黑大海上的一只小船般摇晃。
The rain did not stop; it only changed its rhythm, from drumming to whispering.
雨一直没有停，只是换了节奏，由打鼓变成细语。
When morning finally came, the sun rose shyly above the wet streets.
到早上终于来到，太阳羞答答地在湿透的街道上升起。
The world looked fresh and new, and the sky was washed clean.
世界看起来清新又崭新，天空都被洗得干干净净。
Outside, neighbours swept leaves together and shared stories about the night the wind sang.
外面，街坊一起扫树叶，互相分享那晚风唱歌的故事。
1重点摘要 Summary
Figurative Language.
2生字卡 Vocabulary
明喻（like/as）。
暗喻。
拟人。
夸张。
意象。
生动。
比较。
描写。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- Simile考点：simile 明喻是修辞辨识题的基础项，识别标志是 like 与 as，本体喻体的分析是答题的必备两步。方法：见到 like 或 as 连接两个本质不同的事物，即判定为明喻，并进一步指出本体与喻体。例如：范文写 The typhoon arrived like an uninvited guest，台风像不速之客；又如 Raindrops attacked the glass like thousands of tiny stones，雨点像千万颗小石子砸向玻璃。易错处：考生常把 as many as 一类比较结构误当明喻，那只是数量比较；明喻必须是两类不同事物的相像，辨认时先看结构再看意思，两者皆符才下判断。
- Metaphor考点：metaphor 暗喻考查对直接等同结构的识别，与明喻的区别是必考比较点，两者对比题年年出现。方法：判断句式是否把 A 直接说成是 B，中间不插任何 like 或 as。例如：范文写 Dark clouds were a heavy blanket that covered the whole city，乌云就是一床厚毡，盖住全城；云与毡直接画上等号，语气比明喻更强硬，画面更浓缩。易错处：考生常见到 were 便以为只是普通的过去式动词，忽略暗喻身份；亦常把明喻误判为暗喻，分水岭只有一条：有 like 或 as 是明喻，直接说是便是暗喻。
- Personification考点：personification 拟人考查对非人事物获赋人类动作的识别，判断标准是动作是否本属人类专有。方法：检查句中动作的主语是否为无生命或非人事物，动作是否带有人类的情感色彩。例如：范文写 The wind screamed through the gaps，风在缝隙间尖叫；the curtains danced wildly，窗帘狂舞；the sun rose shyly，太阳羞怯地升起。风会尖叫、窗帘会跳舞、太阳会害羞，非人的事物获得人的动作与情感，画面立即活起来。易错处：考生常把一般动作当拟人，例如 the wind blew 只是自然描述；拟人的关键是动作本属人类，如尖叫、跳舞、害羞。
- 用途考点：修辞效果题考查考生说出修辞的功用，只辨认而不说效果只能得一半分，效果必须落到画面与感受两方面。方法：从画面感与读者感受两个角度作答，并紧扣具体句子。例如：范文写 the city rocked as if it were a small boat on a dark sea，全城摇晃，如同黑海上一叶小舟；as if 引导的比喻令读者仿佛置身台风之夜，亲身感受楼宇的摇晃，恐惧感油然而生。易错处：考生常答 makes the passage interesting 便算，过于空泛；效果必须说明它令什么画面浮现、令读者产生什么感受，句句扣住原文。
- Hyperbole 夸张考点：hyperbole 夸张法考查对非字面语言的识别，误把夸张当事实会直接误解文章，是理解题的隐形陷阱。方法：判断陈述在现实中是否可能，不可能者即为夸张，并推出它真正强调的情感。例如：测验题 I could sleep for a year，我可以睡上一年；一年显然是夸张，重点在于极度疲倦，而非真的睡上一年，理解时须还原为情感强度。易错处：考生常按字面翻译，得出不合情理的理解；或反过来把真实陈述误判为夸张；判准只有一条，即现实是否可能，认得夸张才不会误读文意。
- 辨认练习考点：四种修辞的混合辨认是测验与考试的标准题型，要求在一句之内正确归类，流程化检查是提速的关键。方法：按固定次序检查：先看有无 like 或 as，有则为 simile；再看有无直接说是，有则为 metaphor；再看非人事物是否做出人类动作，是则为 personification；最后检查是否明显不合现实，是则为 hyperbole。例如：Her smile is like sunshine 是 simile，Time is a thief 是 metaphor，The wind whispered 是 personification，I could sleep for a year 是 hyperbole。易错处：考生常把 metaphor 与 personification 混淆；一句可以兼备两者，答题以最突出的特征归类。
- 写作应用考点：修辞运用题考查在写作中恰到好处地使用比喻，堆砌与空白同样失分，喻体与情境的匹配度是评分核心。方法：每段选用一个精准比喻，写后检查喻体与情境是否相配，宁精勿多。例如：范文写 My little brother jumped a metre high when the thunder roared，雷声一响，弟弟跳起一公尺高，动作描写配合夸张，一句已有戏剧感；一个贴切的比喻胜过三个堆砌的比喻。易错处：考生常连用多个比喻令句子失焦，或喻体与语境脱节，例如在恐怖场面写像棉花糖；写完朗读一次，比喻必须自然贴切，画面统一才见功力。
4图解 Diagrams
5例题示范 Example
任务：用 simile、metaphor 和 personification 各写一句，描述一场暴风雨。
- 第一步：Simile 明喻用 like / as——The raindrops attacked the glass like thousands of tiny stones.
- 第二步：Metaphor 隐喻直接讲是——Dark clouds were a heavy blanket that covered the whole city.
- 第三步：Personification 拟人——The wind screamed through the gaps of the old windows.
- 第四步：加 as if / as though 变化——The city rocked as if it were a small boat on a dark sea.
- 第五步：检查——比喻要自然贴切，不要一句堆几个。
- 答案：The typhoon arrived like an uninvited guest (simile). Dark clouds were a heavy blanket over the city (metaphor). The wind screamed through the windows and the curtains danced wildly (personification). The city rocked as if it were a small boat on a dark sea, and when morning came, the sun rose shyly above the washed-clean streets. 好的 figurative language 令读者仿佛身处风暴之中。
6常见错误 Mistakes
76 题快测 Quick check
Q1「Her smile is like sunshine」？
Q2「Time is a thief」？
Q3「The wind whispered」？
Q4「I could sleep for a year」？
Q5Simile 特征？
Q6怎样用比喻写作？
8重点回顾 Recap
- Simile 明喻：like / as——raindrops like thousands of tiny stones
- Metaphor 隐喻：直接讲是——Dark clouds were a heavy blanket.
- Personification 拟人：The wind screamed · the curtains danced · the sun rose shyly
- as if / as though 都得：as if it were a small boat
- 比喻服务画面——一个精准比喻胜过三个堆砌