Debate 辯論

進階

Debate.

適合:中三英國語文 · 單元:說話與聆聽 · 建議學習路徑第 19/21 課

學完呢課,你會識:
  • 開辯三件事:打招呼 → 定義 terms(by abolished we mean…)→ 預告路線
  • 論點公式:論點 + 證據(a university study shows…)
  • Refute 反駁指出對方弱點:drilling only improves short-term memory
文體:Speaking有聲朗讀

文體小知識:Structure: define motion, arguments with evidence, rebuttal, conclusion.

作者

英國語文English Language

§課文原文 Passage

1Good afternoon, adjudicators, teachers and fellow students. Today we debate the motion that homework should be abolished in secondary schools. As the first speaker of the proposition, I believe homework does more harm than good. Before I begin, let me define our terms: by abolished we mean no more compulsory homework after school. Our team will show you why schools should trust students instead of testing their patience.

2First, homework takes away the time that students could spend on sports, family and sleep. Evidence from a university study shows that many Hong Kong teenagers sleep fewer than seven hours a night. Second, homework is not fair: students who live in small flats have no quiet place to work. The opposition may argue that homework improves results, but I must refute this point. Our rebuttal is simple: their own examples show that repeated drilling only improves short-term memory. I concede that a little practice is useful, yet quality matters far more than quantity.

3A good school should teach students how to learn, not how to survive endless worksheets. If we want healthy, curious and creative students, we must give them back their evenings. For these reasons, we strongly support this motion. Thank you for listening, and we look forward to your questions.

§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation

Good afternoon, adjudicators, teachers and fellow students.

各位評判、老師、同學,午安。

Today we debate the motion that homework should be abolished in secondary schools.

今日我們辯論的議題是:中學應該廢除家課。

As the first speaker of the proposition, I believe homework does more harm than good.

作為正方第一位發言人,我認為家課的害處大於好處。

Before I begin, let me define our terms: by abolished we mean no more compulsory homework after school.

開始之前,請容我先下定義:我們所講的「廢除」,即是放學後不再有強制家課。

Our team will show you why schools should trust students instead of testing their patience.

我們團隊會向大家證明,學校應該信任學生,而不是考驗他們的忍耐力。

First, homework takes away the time that students could spend on sports, family and sleep.

第一,家課剝奪了學生做運動、陪家人同睡覺的時間。

Evidence from a university study shows that many Hong Kong teenagers sleep fewer than seven hours a night.

大學研究的證據顯示,很多香港青少年每晚睡少於七個小時。

Second, homework is not fair: students who live in small flats have no quiet place to work.

第二,家課不公平:住在狹小單位的學生根本沒有一個安靜的地方做功課。

The opposition may argue that homework improves results, but I must refute this point.

反方可能會說家課可以提升成績,但我必須反駁這一點。

Our rebuttal is simple: their own examples show that repeated drilling only improves short-term memory.

我們的反駁很簡單:他們自己的例子顯示,重複操練只是提升短期記憶。

I concede that a little practice is useful, yet quality matters far more than quantity.

我承認少量練習是有用的,但質素比數量重要得多。

A good school should teach students how to learn, not how to survive endless worksheets.

好的學校應該教學生怎樣學習,而不是怎樣應付無盡的工作紙。

If we want healthy, curious and creative students, we must give them back their evenings.

如果想培育健康、好奇、有創意的學生,就要還給他們晚上的時間。

For these reasons, we strongly support this motion.

基於以上理由,我們強烈支持這項議題。

Thank you for listening, and we look forward to your questions.

多謝大家聆聽,期待你們的提問。

1重點摘要 Summary

Debate.

2生字卡 Vocabulary

m
motion名詞

辯題。

p
proposition名詞

正方。

o
opposition名詞

反方。

r
rebuttal名詞

反駁。

e
evidence名詞

證據。

p
point名詞

論點。

r
refute動詞

駁斥。

c
concede動詞

讓步。

3逐步講解 Steps

  1. Define開辯先定義 terms。舉個例:Today we debate the motion that homework should be abolished… by abolished we mean no more compulsory homework after school——定義不清,整場辯論都會走樣。
  2. Arguments論點公式:論點 + 證據。舉個例:First, homework takes away time for sports, family and sleep——接著引證據:a university study shows many Hong Kong teenagers sleep fewer than seven hours a night。
  3. Rebuttal反駁針對對方論點。舉個例:The opposition may argue that homework improves results, but I must refute this point: their own examples show repeated drilling only improves short-term memory。
  4. Conclusion結論總結立場 + 呼籲。舉個例:A good school should teach students how to learn, not how to survive endless worksheets… For these reasons, we strongly support this motion。
  5. Concede 讓步讓步顯風度:I concede that a little practice is useful, yet quality matters far more than quantity——先承認對方一點對,接著用 yet 轉回自己立場,說服力大增。
  6. 禮貌用語辯論用語要冷靜有禮:Good afternoon, adjudicators… · The opposition may argue… · I must refute… · Thank you for listening——攻擊論點,不攻擊人。
  7. 結構複習成篇辯詞流程:greet(Good afternoon, adjudicators)→ define(by abolished we mean…)→ argument 1 + evidence → argument 2 + example → rebuttal → concede → conclusion——背熟這個流程。

5例題示範 Example

根據課文,以正方第一代言人寫開辯詞,辯題:Homework should be abolished in secondary schools.

  1. 第一步:打招呼 + 定義 terms——by abolished we mean no more compulsory homework after school.
  2. 第二步:論點一 + 證據——homework takes away time for sports, family and sleep;a university study shows many HK teenagers sleep fewer than seven hours.
  3. 第三步:論點二 + 例子——homework is not fair: students in small flats have no quiet place to work.
  4. 第四步:反駁(refute)對方——their own examples show repeated drilling only improves short-term memory.
  5. 第五步:讓步(concede)再收結——I concede a little practice is useful, yet quality matters far more than quantity.
  6. 答案:Good afternoon, adjudicators. Today we debate the motion that homework should be abolished in secondary schools. By abolished we mean no more compulsory homework after school. First, homework takes away the time students could spend on sports, family and sleep — a university study shows many Hong Kong teenagers sleep fewer than seven hours a night. Second, homework is not fair: students who live in small flats have no quiet place to work. The opposition may say homework improves results, but their own examples show repeated drilling only improves short-term memory. I concede that a little practice is useful, yet quality matters far more than quantity. For these reasons, we strongly support this motion.

6常見錯誤 Mistakes

✗ 攻擊人
✓ 攻擊論點
✗ 沒有例子
✓ 每論點要有例子
✗ 不反駁
✓ 回應反方
✗ 不總結
✓ 總結立場

76 題快測 Quick check

Q1辯論結構?

Q2正方點講?

Q3反駁要點?

Q4論點要什麼支持?

Q5總結時做什麼?

Q6辯論語氣?

8重點回顧 Recap

  • 開辯三件事:打招呼 → 定義 terms(by abolished we mean…)→ 預告路線
  • 論點公式:論點 + 證據(a university study shows…)
  • Refute 反駁指出對方弱點:drilling only improves short-term memory
  • Concede 讓步顯風度:I concede a little practice is useful, yet…
  • 金句收結:quality matters far more than quantity

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