Debate 辩论
进阶Debate.
- 开辩三件事:打招呼 → 定义 terms(by abolished we mean…)→ 预告路线
- 论点公式:论点 + 证据(a university study shows…)
- Refute 反驳指出对方弱点:drilling only improves short-term memory
文体小知识:Structure: define motion, arguments with evidence, rebuttal, conclusion.
§课文原文 Passage
1Good afternoon, adjudicators, teachers and fellow students. Today we debate the motion that homework should be abolished in secondary schools. As the first speaker of the proposition, I believe homework does more harm than good. Before I begin, let me define our terms: by abolished we mean no more compulsory homework after school. Our team will show you why schools should trust students instead of testing their patience.
2First, homework takes away the time that students could spend on sports, family and sleep. Evidence from a university study shows that many Hong Kong teenagers sleep fewer than seven hours a night. Second, homework is not fair: students who live in small flats have no quiet place to work. The opposition may argue that homework improves results, but I must refute this point. Our rebuttal is simple: their own examples show that repeated drilling only improves short-term memory. I concede that a little practice is useful, yet quality matters far more than quantity.
3A good school should teach students how to learn, not how to survive endless worksheets. If we want healthy, curious and creative students, we must give them back their evenings. For these reasons, we strongly support this motion. Thank you for listening, and we look forward to your questions.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Good afternoon, adjudicators, teachers and fellow students.
各位评判、老师、同学,午安。
Today we debate the motion that homework should be abolished in secondary schools.
今日我们辩论的议题是:中学应该废除家课。
As the first speaker of the proposition, I believe homework does more harm than good.
作为正方第一位发言人,我认为家课的害处大于好处。
Before I begin, let me define our terms: by abolished we mean no more compulsory homework after school.
开始之前,请容我先下定义:我们所讲的「废除」,即是放学后不再有强制家课。
Our team will show you why schools should trust students instead of testing their patience.
我们团队会向大家证明,学校应该信任学生,而不是考验他们的忍耐力。
First, homework takes away the time that students could spend on sports, family and sleep.
第一,家课剥夺了学生做运动、陪家人同睡觉的时间。
Evidence from a university study shows that many Hong Kong teenagers sleep fewer than seven hours a night.
大学研究的证据显示,很多香港青少年每晚睡少于七个小时。
Second, homework is not fair: students who live in small flats have no quiet place to work.
第二,家课不公平:住在狭小单位的学生根本没有一个安静的地方做功课。
The opposition may argue that homework improves results, but I must refute this point.
反方可能会说家课可以提升成绩,但我必须反驳这一点。
Our rebuttal is simple: their own examples show that repeated drilling only improves short-term memory.
我们的反驳很简单:他们自己的例子显示,重复操练只是提升短期记忆。
I concede that a little practice is useful, yet quality matters far more than quantity.
我承认少量练习是有用的,但质素比数量重要得多。
A good school should teach students how to learn, not how to survive endless worksheets.
好的学校应该教学生怎样学习,而不是怎样应付无尽的工作纸。
If we want healthy, curious and creative students, we must give them back their evenings.
如果想培育健康、好奇、有创意的学生,就要还给他们晚上的时间。
For these reasons, we strongly support this motion.
基于以上理由,我们强烈支持这项议题。
Thank you for listening, and we look forward to your questions.
多谢大家聆听,期待你们的提问。
1重点摘要 Summary
Debate.
2生字卡 Vocabulary
辩题。
正方。
反方。
反驳。
证据。
论点。
驳斥。
让步。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- Define开辩先定义 terms。举个例:Today we debate the motion that homework should be abolished… by abolished we mean no more compulsory homework after school——定义不清,整场辩论都会走样。
- Arguments论点公式:论点 + 证据。举个例:First, homework takes away time for sports, family and sleep——接著引证据:a university study shows many Hong Kong teenagers sleep fewer than seven hours a night。
- Rebuttal反驳针对对方论点。举个例:The opposition may argue that homework improves results, but I must refute this point: their own examples show repeated drilling only improves short-term memory。
- Conclusion结论总结立场 + 呼吁。举个例:A good school should teach students how to learn, not how to survive endless worksheets… For these reasons, we strongly support this motion。
- Concede 让步让步显风度:I concede that a little practice is useful, yet quality matters far more than quantity——先承认对方一点对,接著用 yet 转回自己立场,说服力大增。
- 礼貌用语辩论用语要冷静有礼:Good afternoon, adjudicators… · The opposition may argue… · I must refute… · Thank you for listening——攻击论点,不攻击人。
- 结构复习成篇辩词流程:greet(Good afternoon, adjudicators)→ define(by abolished we mean…)→ argument 1 + evidence → argument 2 + example → rebuttal → concede → conclusion——背熟这个流程。
5例题示范 Example
根据课文,以正方第一代言人写开辩词,辩题:Homework should be abolished in secondary schools.
- 第一步:打招呼 + 定义 terms——by abolished we mean no more compulsory homework after school.
- 第二步:论点一 + 证据——homework takes away time for sports, family and sleep;a university study shows many HK teenagers sleep fewer than seven hours.
- 第三步:论点二 + 例子——homework is not fair: students in small flats have no quiet place to work.
- 第四步:反驳(refute)对方——their own examples show repeated drilling only improves short-term memory.
- 第五步:让步(concede)再收结——I concede a little practice is useful, yet quality matters far more than quantity.
- 答案:Good afternoon, adjudicators. Today we debate the motion that homework should be abolished in secondary schools. By abolished we mean no more compulsory homework after school. First, homework takes away the time students could spend on sports, family and sleep — a university study shows many Hong Kong teenagers sleep fewer than seven hours a night. Second, homework is not fair: students who live in small flats have no quiet place to work. The opposition may say homework improves results, but their own examples show repeated drilling only improves short-term memory. I concede that a little practice is useful, yet quality matters far more than quantity. For these reasons, we strongly support this motion.
6常见错误 Mistakes
76 题快测 Quick check
Q1辩论结构?
Q2正方点讲?
Q3反驳要点?
Q4论点要什么支持?
Q5总结时做什么?
Q6辩论语气?
8重点回顾 Recap
- 开辩三件事:打招呼 → 定义 terms(by abolished we mean…)→ 预告路线
- 论点公式:论点 + 证据(a university study shows…)
- Refute 反驳指出对方弱点:drilling only improves short-term memory
- Concede 让步显风度:I concede a little practice is useful, yet…
- 金句收结:quality matters far more than quantity