Can / Cannot 能力
基础can 后原形。
- can + 动词原形：I can swim.（不加 to、不加 s）
- 否定 cannot / can't：I can't dance.
- 提问 Can you...? 短答 Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
文体小知识：What you can do.
§课文原文 Passage
1My name is Kelly, and everyone has different talents. I can swim very fast because I practise every Saturday. I love the feeling of water on my face. My friends say I am as fast as a fish. I can also run for a long time without stopping. Last week, I won a running race at school. My coach says I can be a great athlete one day.
2My brother cannot swim, but he can sing beautifully. He can also dance well. My friend Peter can draw wonderful pictures of animals. His pictures of birds look almost real! Our classmate Mary cannot dance well, but she never gives up. She practises every day after school. Her smile shows she enjoys music.
3Last week, we helped our teacher clean the classroom together. We cannot finish it alone, but we can do it together. Everyone can do something special if they keep trying. Learning new things is always great fun. Can you sing, dance or draw? I believe everybody is good at something.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
My name is Kelly, and everyone has different talents.
我叫 Kelly，每个人都有不同的才能。
I can swim very fast because I practise every Saturday.
我游泳游得好快，因为我逢星期六都练习。
I love the feeling of water on my face.
我好喜欢水拍在脸上的感觉。
My friends say I am as fast as a fish.
朋友说我像鱼一样快。
I can also run for a long time without stopping.
我还可以一口气跑好长时间。
Last week, I won a running race at school.
上星期，我在学校跑步比赛拿了第一。
My coach says I can be a great athlete one day.
教练说我将来可以成为出色的运动员。
My brother cannot swim, but he can sing beautifully.
我哥哥不会游泳，但是他唱歌好好听。
He can also dance well.
他还跳舞跳得很好。
My friend Peter can draw wonderful pictures of animals.
我朋友 Peter 很会画动物，画得非常漂亮。
His pictures of birds look almost real!
他画的小鸟几乎同真的一样！
Our classmate Mary cannot dance well, but she never gives up.
同学 Mary 不是很会跳舞，但她从不放弃。
She practises every day after school.
她每日放学都练习。
Her smile shows she enjoys music.
她的笑容显示她好享受音乐。
Last week, we helped our teacher clean the classroom together.
上星期，我们一起帮老师清洁课室。
We cannot finish it alone, but we can do it together.
我们一个人做不完，但一起做就可以。
Everyone can do something special if they keep trying.
只要肯坚持，人人都可以做到一些特别的事。
Learning new things is always great fun.
学新东西永远都很好玩。
Can you sing, dance or draw?
你会不会唱歌、跳舞或者画画？
I believe everybody is good at something.
我相信每个人都有自己擅长的事。
1重点摘要 Summary
can 后原形。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
可以。
不可以。
游泳。
跑。
唱歌。
跳舞。
绘画。
帮忙。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 能力can 表示有能力做某事，后面直接用动词原形。例句：I can swim. She can ride a bicycle. 要注意 can 是情态动词，无论主语是谁，后面的动词都不加 s，不能说 She can swims；can 本身也没有第三人称变化；想说明做得怎样，可以在动词短语后加 well、very fast 等副词修饰，例如 I can swim very fast，这样句子更具体。
- 许可can 也可以用来请求许可。例句：Can I go out? Can I borrow your pen? 回答可以用 Yes, you can 或 Sorry, you can't. 要注意请求许可时主语多用 I，而给予许可时用 you；在较正式的场合，可以用 Could I...? 或 May I...? 语气更加礼貌；回答这类问句要用 can 或 may，不能用 do 回答，这与一般动词的问答不同。
- 否定can 的否定形式是 cannot，缩写为 can't。例句：I cannot swim. He can't dance. 要注意 cannot 是一个词，中间不留空格；can't 的缩写符号不能漏掉；否定之后动词仍用原形；表示过去不会做某事用 could not，缩写 couldn't。另外 can't 偏口语，正式书面语多用 cannot，写作文时要留意这个分别。
- 问答用 can 提问时把 can 移到句首：Can you swim? 肯定回答是 Yes, I can. 否定回答是 No, I can't. 要注意问句与答句的主语可能不同，例如问 Can he swim? 要答 Yes, he can.；短答中不能出现动词原形，只保留 can 或 can't；另外读问句时语调要上扬，这是口语练习的重点，书面练习则要留意问号不能漏。
- 提问和短答完整问答示例：Can you swim? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 要注意短答只能用 can 或 can't，不能用 do 回答，因为问句用的是 can；肯定短答中的 can 保持原形，否定短答则常用缩写 can't；如果问句的主语是 he 或 she，短答也要跟著改，例如 Can she sing? Yes, she can. 短答之后还可以补充一句具体说明，例如 I swim every week.
- could 讲过去can 的过去式是 could，表示过去具备的能力。例句：When I was five, I could not swim. Now I can swim very fast. 要注意 could 后面同样用动词原形；叙述过去与现在的对比时，前后两句分别用 could 与 can，时间要交代清楚，例如 when I was five；could 也可以用于请求，语气比 can 更客气，例如 Could you help me? 两种用法要靠句子内容区分。
5例题示范 Example
问题：怎样写一段介绍自己与家人才能的短文？
- 第一步：先说自己会做的事，用 can 加动词原形，并可补充原因，例如：I can swim very fast because I practise every Saturday.
- 第二步：说自己做不到的事，用 cannot 或 can't，语气自然即可，例如：I cannot dance well.
- 第三步：写家人的能力，可以在一句之内用 but 对比会与不会，例如：My brother cannot swim, but he can sing beautifully.
- 第四步：用 but 带出对比，突出每人各有长处，例如：Mary cannot dance well, but she never gives up.
- 第五步：以总结收结，点出人人都有擅长的事，例如：Everybody is good at something.
- 答案：示范答案：I can swim very fast, but I cannot dance well. My brother cannot swim, but he can sing beautifully. Mary cannot dance well, but she never gives up. Everybody is good at something.
6常见错误 Mistakes
76 题快测 Quick check
Q1can 用途？
Q2can 后加什么？
Q3否定？
Q4疑问？
Q5She can swim?
Q6can 过去式？
8重点回顾 Recap
- can + 动词原形：I can swim.（不加 to、不加 s）
- 否定 cannot / can't：I can't dance.
- 提问 Can you...? 短答 Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
- 用 but 对比长短处：She cannot dance well, but she never gives up.
- 过去能力用 could：When I was five, I could not swim.