Note-taking with Symbols 符號筆記
進階→ = b/c ∴。
- 箭嘴記數據:↑ 升、↓ 跌、→ 轉變,一個符號省成句。
- 縮寫要統一:w/、b/c、gov、edu,事後自己也認得才算數。
- ∴(所以)、=(等於)幫你連邏輯關係都記下。
文體小知識:Use shorthand.
§課文原文 Passage
1Good afternoon. Today's short talk is about recycling in our city. Over the past five years, our recycling rate has improved, but there is still a long way to go. In 2020, we recycled about 30 per cent of our plastic waste. By 2025, the figure rose to 45 per cent — that's a 15 per cent increase. Our city produces more than ten thousand tonnes of waste every single day.
2Why the improvement? Three reasons: new collection points, school education campaigns and stricter laws. The number of glass bottle collection machines doubled, and paper recycling rose from 40 to 55 per cent. Food waste, however, fell by only 5 per cent, so more work is needed. Officials hope the rate will reach 60 per cent by 2030.
3Remember: when taking notes, use an upward arrow for increases and a downward arrow for decreases. For example, write 'plastic ↑ 30% → 45%'. The symbol '=' means 'the same as', and '∴' means 'therefore'. A circle can stand for a repeated action or a full cycle. Use 'w/' for 'with' and 'b/c' for 'because' to save time.
4These short forms keep your notes clean and let you listen more carefully. After the talk, review your symbols and turn them back into full sentences. If you miss a symbol, leave a gap and fill it in after the recording stops. Good notes are not about writing more; they are about writing smart. Next week, we will look at how to note down names and numbers accurately. Thank you for listening, and happy recycling!
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Good afternoon. Today's short talk is about recycling in our city.
各位下午好。今天的短講是關於我們城市的回收。
Over the past five years, our recycling rate has improved, but there is still a long way to go.
過去五年,我們的回收率有改善,但還有很長的路要走。
In 2020, we recycled about 30 per cent of our plastic waste.
2020 年,我們回收了大約三成塑膠廢料。
By 2025, the figure rose to 45 per cent — that's a 15 per cent increase.
到 2025 年,數字升到 45%——即是升了十五個百分點。
Our city produces more than ten thousand tonnes of waste every single day.
我們城市每日產生超過一萬噸廢物。
Why the improvement?
為什麼有改善?
Three reasons: new collection points, school education campaigns and stricter laws.
三個原因:新回收點、學校教育宣傳與更嚴格的法例。
The number of glass bottle collection machines doubled, and paper recycling rose from 40 to 55 per cent.
玻璃樽回收機數目翻了一倍,廢紙回收率亦由 40% 升到 55%。
Food waste, however, fell by only 5 per cent, so more work is needed.
不過廚餘只減了 5%,所以還要加把勁。
Officials hope the rate will reach 60 per cent by 2030.
官員希望 2030 年前回收率可以達到 60%。
Remember: when taking notes, use an upward arrow for increases and a downward arrow for decreases.
記住:做筆記時,上升用向上箭頭,下降用向下箭頭。
For example, write 'plastic ↑ 30% → 45%'.
例如寫「塑膠 ↑ 30% → 45%」。
The symbol '=' means 'the same as', and '∴' means 'therefore'.
「=」符號代表「等於」,而「∴」代表「所以」。
A circle can stand for a repeated action or a full cycle.
圓圈可以代表重複的動作或者完整的循環。
Use 'w/' for 'with' and 'b/c' for 'because' to save time.
用「w/」代替「with」,「b/c」代替「because」,省時間。
These short forms keep your notes clean and let you listen more carefully.
這些簡寫令筆記整齊,又令你可以更專心聆聽。
After the talk, review your symbols and turn them back into full sentences.
講座結束後,重溫你的符號,將它們還原成完整句子。
If you miss a symbol, leave a gap and fill it in after the recording stops.
如果漏了一個符號,留個空位,錄音停了之後補回。
Good notes are not about writing more; they are about writing smart.
好筆記不是寫得多,而是寫得聰明。
Next week, we will look at how to note down names and numbers accurately.
下星期我們會看看怎樣準確地記下人名與數字。
Thank you for listening, and happy recycling!
謝謝大家收聽,回收愉快!
1重點摘要 Summary
→ = b/c ∴。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
符號。
速記。
箭嘴。
等號。
因為。
所以。
重要。
比較。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 箭頭符號箭頭是筆記中記錄數據變化最省時的符號,向上箭頭表上升,向下箭頭表下降,方向的轉變可用文字補充說明。以課文為例:塑膠回收率由二零二零年的 30% 升至二零二五年的 45%,寫作 plastic ↑ 30% 至 45%,一個符號連同兩個數字已記下五年間十五個百分點的升幅。易錯之處是學生用文字寫全句,速度跟不上錄音;數據題務必以箭頭加數字記錄,聽後再還原成完整句子核對。
- 等號等號用於記錄相同關係或定義,考點是掌握通用縮寫而非自創符號。方法是把 the same as 寫作等號,with 寫作 w/,because 寫作 b/c,這些通用符號任何同學與閱卷人都看得懂。以課文為例,講者明確列出 w/ 與 b/c 的用法,正是通用系統的示範。易錯之處是學生花心思設計花巧符號,卻因太個人化而在覆核時解不通;通用符號經過千錘百鍊,直接採用最穩妥,省下的腦力用於聽內容。
- 原因縮寫原因同樣可以壓縮成符號,b/c 即 because,考點是把因果結構寫進一行筆記。方法是以 b/c 帶出一串原因。以課文為例,回收率上升的三大原因:回收點加倍可記為 collection points ×2,學校教育宣傳記為 school edu campaigns,法例更嚴格記為 stricter laws,一行符號盡收三項。易錯之處是學生把原因寫成長句,錄音已講到第三點而筆還停在第一點;編號一、二、三加縮寫,是記多項原因的標準寫法。
- 推理符號therefore 的符號寫法是三點一撇,用於記錄結論與邏輯關係,考點是連結論也要節省筆墨。方法是在因果之間加上此符號。以課文為例:food waste 只減少 5%,therefore 仍須加倍努力,一句符號筆記連數據帶結論一併記下,聽的時候完全無須寫完整句子。易錯之處是學生只記數據不記講者的推論方向,覆核時已忘記結論;邏輯符號令筆記保留推理鏈,溫習時更容易重建整段論證。
- 圓圈符號圓圈符號代表循環或重複動作,考點是以圖形符號濃縮概念。方法是把回收循環 recycling cycle 畫成一個圈,重複出現的數量以倍數記號表示,例如玻璃瓶回收機數目翻倍可記為 glass bottle machines ×2。以課文為例,講者親自示範圓圈代表 full cycle 的用法。易錯之處是學生不用圖形,硬以文字描述循環概念,既慢又不直觀;圖形符號一眼即明,是筆記系統中不可或缺的一環,平日練習便要養成畫圖習慣。
- 聽後整理符號筆記的完成步驟在聽後,考點是還原驗證。方法是錄音一停立即補齊漏掉的符號,然後把全部符號還原為完整句子;能夠還原,才證明真的聽懂。以課文為例,plastic ↑ 30% 至 45% 還原為塑膠回收率五年間由三成升至四成半,年份與對象都須對得上。易錯之處是學生自覺符號記齊便結束,從不驗證;還原一步能即時暴露理解缺口,例如分不清上升屬於哪一項目,此時趁記憶猶新盡快修正,缺口才補得回。
- 固定系統符號系統必須固定,考點是長期一致性。方法是為常用詞定下專用縮寫:government 寫 gov,education 寫 edu,各種箭頭與 therefore 符號各有固定含義,並且每次沿用同一套。以課文為例,講者強調同一套符號應反覆使用,令筆記成為可長期解讀的系統。易錯之處是學生每逢考試臨場設計新符號,書寫遲疑便漏聽內容;符號系統須在平日練習中養成,考試時直接調用,才能全速記錄而不漏聽。
5例題示範 Example
一邊聽回收演講一邊用符號記筆記:將塑膠回收率數據、三大原因和 2030 目標寫作符號筆記。
- 第一步:數據用箭嘴:plastic ↑ 30% → 45%(2020-2025),一個符號講完五年升 15%。
- 第二步:原因用符號鏈:↑ rate b/c ① collection points ↑×2 ② school edu campaigns ③ stricter laws。
- 第三步:對比用 ↓:food waste ↓ only 5% ∴ more work needed——一句符號連結論都記下。
- 第四步:目標也記下:officials hope ↑ 60% by 2030;paper ↑ 40% → 55%。
- 第五步:聽後檢查:將符號轉回成完整句子,看不懂的空位立即補。
- 答案:用符號可以三行記下全篇重點:第一行「plastic ↑ 30% → 45% (2020-25)」,一個箭頭講完五年升十五個百分點;第二行「↑ b/c ① collection points ↑×2 ② school edu campaigns ③ stricter laws」,三大原因一目了然;第三行「food waste ↓ 5% ∴ more work;target ↑ 60% by 2030」,連結論和目標都齊;紙回收是「paper ↑ 40% → 55%」。聽後要將符號還原成句子,驗證自己懂不懂,漏了的符號留空位,錄音完即刻補。符號筆記的精髓:寫得少但記得齊,耳朵可以專心聽下去。
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
76 題快測 Quick check
Q1符號筆記好處?
Q2箭頭?
Q3等號?
Q4因為?
Q5所以?
Q6重要?
8重點回顧 Recap
- 箭嘴記數據:↑ 升、↓ 跌、→ 轉變,一個符號省成句。
- 縮寫要統一:w/、b/c、gov、edu,事後自己也認得才算數。
- ∴(所以)、=(等於)幫你連邏輯關係都記下。
- 圓圈可以代表循環或者重複動作,很實用。
- 聽完將符號還原成句子,能還原才算真的聽懂了。