Relative Clauses 關係子句
基礎Relative Clauses.
- 關係詞選擇：who 人 · which/that 物 · whose 所有格
- where 地方 · when 時間 · why 原因——the reason why she never throws anything away
- 限定子句不加 comma；非限定（補充）加 comma
文體小知識：who / which / that / whose — define or give extra info about a noun.
§課文原文 Passage
1My grandmother, who is eighty this year, still remembers her school days clearly. She grew up in a small village where everyone knew one another. The school that she attended had only one classroom and one blackboard. Lessons started at seven in the morning, and pupils who arrived late had to stand outside. The headmaster, whom all the children respected, taught them every subject himself.
2She still keeps the pen which she used to practise Chinese characters. Her elder brother, whose family moved to England many years ago, writes to her every month. She often talks about the years when life was simple but hard. That is probably the reason why she never throws anything away. Every object in her flat seems to carry a story that she is happy to share with me.
3Last Sunday, I visited the new district library which stands next to her estate. She walked there slowly with me, pointing at the trees that she had planted years ago. In the reading room, she met an old classmate whom she had not seen for over fifty years. They chatted for an hour about the teachers who had shaped their lives. When I listen to her stories, I feel proud of the woman who raised my father. I hope that one day I can tell my own grandchildren stories which are just as interesting.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
My grandmother, who is eighty this year, still remembers her school days clearly.
我奶奶今年八十歲，仍然清楚記得她的求學日子。
She grew up in a small village where everyone knew one another.
她在一條小村落長大，那裡人人都互相認識。
The school that she attended had only one classroom and one blackboard.
她就讀的學校只有一個課室和一塊黑板。
Lessons started at seven in the morning, and pupils who arrived late had to stand outside.
早上七點就開始上課，遲到的學生要站在外面。
The headmaster, whom all the children respected, taught them every subject himself.
那位所有孩子都尊敬的校長，親自教他們所有科目。
She still keeps the pen which she used to practise Chinese characters.
她仍然保留著那支用來練寫中文字的筆。
Her elder brother, whose family moved to England many years ago, writes to her every month.
她哥哥一家很多年前移居了英國，但他每個月都會寫信給奶奶。
She often talks about the years when life was simple but hard.
她常常講起那些生活簡單但艱難的年月。
That is probably the reason why she never throws anything away.
這個大概就是她從來不捨得丟掉東西的原因。
Every object in her flat seems to carry a story that she is happy to share with me.
她家每件物件似乎都帶著一個她很樂意同我分享的故事。
Last Sunday, I visited the new district library which stands next to her estate.
上星期日，我去了她屋邨旁邊新開的地區圖書館。
She walked there slowly with me, pointing at the trees that she had planted years ago.
她慢慢地同我走過去，指著那些她多年前親手種的樹。
In the reading room, she met an old classmate whom she had not seen for over fifty years.
在閱覽室，她遇到一位五十多年沒有見的舊同學。
They chatted for an hour about the teachers who had shaped their lives.
他們談了一個小時，講起那些塑造了他們人生的老師。
When I listen to her stories, I feel proud of the woman who raised my father.
聽著她的故事，我為養大我爸爸的這位女士感到驕傲。
I hope that one day I can tell my own grandchildren stories which are just as interesting.
我希望有一天，我都可以和自己的孫子孫女講同樣有趣的故事。
1重點摘要 Summary
Relative Clauses.
2生字卡 Vocabulary
指人（主格）。
指物。
指人或物（限定）。
的（所有格）。
指人（賓格）。
指時間。
指地點。
指原因。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 識別先行詞第一步找出被修飾的名詞（先行詞）。舉個例：My grandmother, who is eighty…——grandmother 是人，所以後面用 who。先行詞決定關係詞，不可以憑感覺。
- 選關係代詞人用 who/whom；物用 which；限定子句可用 that；所有格用 whose。舉個例：the pen which she used to practise Chinese characters（物）、Her brother, whose family moved to England（所有格）。
- 限定/非限定限定子句定義身份，不加 comma：The school that she attended had only one classroom. 非限定子句純補充，前後加 comma：My grandmother, who is eighty this year, still remembers…
- 省略關係代詞做賓格時可以省：the pen (which) she used。做主格就不可以省：pupils who arrived late had to stand outside——who 後面直接是動詞，省不得。
- 關係副詞where 指地方（the village where everyone knew one another）、when 指時間（the years when life was simple but hard）、why 指原因（the reason why she never throws anything away）。
- 課文實戰課文最後一句是關係子句示範：I feel proud of the woman who raised my father. 再進一步：stories which are just as interesting——試試將兩句拆回做兩句獨立句子，再合回埋。
- 常見錯誤四個高頻錯法：The book which I bought it is good（→ 刪 it，因為 which 已經是賓格）、the man which lives（→ who）、the house who has a garden（→ which）、the girl which hair is long（→ whose）。
5例題示範 Example
根據課文，合併兩句：My grandmother is eighty. She still remembers her school days. 用關係子句。
- 第一步：找先行詞——My grandmother（人）。
- 第二步：人用 who——My grandmother, who is eighty this year, still remembers her school days.
- 第三步：物用 which / that——the pen which she used to practise Chinese characters.
- 第四步：所有格用 whose——Her brother, whose family moved to England, writes every month.
- 第五步：檢查——非限定（補充資料）前後加 comma；限定不加。
- 答案：My grandmother, who is eighty this year, still remembers her school days clearly. 關係詞選擇：who 人、which/that 物、whose 所有格、where 地方、when 時間。課文例子：the village where everyone knew one another；the years when life was simple but hard。非限定子句（純補充）前後要加 comma。
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
76 題快測 Quick check
Q1指人用什麼？
Q2指物用什麼？
Q3所有格用什麼？
Q4限定 vs 非限定？
Q5「The book _____ I bought is good」？
Q6「This is the house _____ I live」？
8重點回顧 Recap
- 關係詞選擇：who 人 · which/that 物 · whose 所有格
- where 地方 · when 時間 · why 原因——the reason why she never throws anything away
- 限定子句不加 comma；非限定（補充）加 comma
- 賓格關係代詞可以省：the pen (which) she used
- 課文金句：the woman who raised my father——關係子句寫情懷