Conditionals 條件句
進階Conditionals.
- Zero：真理（If you water a plant, it grows）· First：真實未來（will）
- Second：現在假設（if + past, would）——If I were…（不要用 was）
- Third：過去假設（if + past perfect, would have + V-en）
文體小知識：Four types: zero, first, second, third conditional — real vs unreal.
§課文原文 Passage
1Our form teacher, Mr Chan, always says that success is built on small daily choices. If you water a plant every day, it grows strong; if you revise a little every night, you will remember far more before the exam. Unless you hand in your homework on time, you cannot join the after-school activities. These rules may sound strict, but they help us build good habits.
2During our class meeting last Friday, we talked about our own choices. I said that I would join the debate team if I had more free time. If I were the head prefect, I would organise a study corner in the library where anyone could get help. My friend Wendy said she could lend me her notes provided that I return them the next day. If Wendy had slept earlier the night before, she might not have felt so dizzy in the maths test.
3Mr Chan smiled and told us that ifs are not excuses; they are maps. If we choose carefully, small decisions will lead us to good results. If you have never tried something new, you will never know what you are good at. Unless we learn from our mistakes, we will repeat them. Life is full of ifs, but careful choices usually lead to good results.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Our form teacher, Mr Chan, always says that success is built on small daily choices.
我們班主任陳老師常常說，成功是由每日的小選擇累積回來。
If you water a plant every day, it grows strong; if you revise a little every night, you will remember far more before the exam.
如果你日日澆花，植物就會茁壯；如果你每晚溫一點書，考試前就會記得更多。
Unless you hand in your homework on time, you cannot join the after-school activities.
除非你準時交功課，否則不可以參加課外活動。
These rules may sound strict, but they help us build good habits.
這些規矩聽起來好像很嚴，但它們幫我們培養好習慣。
During our class meeting last Friday, we talked about our own choices.
上星期五班會，我們談了自己的選擇。
I said that I would join the debate team if I had more free time.
我說如果有多些空閒時間，我會參加辯論隊。
If I were the head prefect, I would organise a study corner in the library where anyone could get help.
如果我是總領袖生，我會在圖書館設一個自修角，讓任何人都可以得到幫助。
My friend Wendy said she could lend me her notes provided that I return them the next day.
我朋友Wendy說，只要我第二天歸還，她就可以借些筆記給我。
If Wendy had slept earlier the night before, she might not have felt so dizzy in the maths test.
如果Wendy前一晚早些睡，她數學測驗那時可能就不會這麼頭暈。
Mr Chan smiled and told us that ifs are not excuses; they are maps.
陳老師笑著對我們說，「如果」不是藉口，而是地圖。
If we choose carefully, small decisions will lead us to good results.
如果我們小心選擇，小決定就會帶我們走向好結果。
If you have never tried something new, you will never know what you are good at.
如果你從未試過新事物，你就永遠不會知道自己擅長什麼。
Unless we learn from our mistakes, we will repeat them.
除非我們從錯誤中學習，否則只會重複犯錯。
Life is full of ifs, but careful choices usually lead to good results.
人生充滿「如果」，但小心的選擇通常都會帶來好結果。
1重點摘要 Summary
Conditionals.
2生字卡 Vocabulary
如果。
只要。
會（假設）。
可以。
可能。
除非。
3逐步講解 Steps
- ZeroIf + 現在簡單, 現在簡單——講必然事實。舉個例：If you water a plant every day, it grows strong. 條件和結果都是真理，這種是最簡單的 conditional。
- FirstIf + 現在簡單, will + V——講真實未來。舉個例：If you revise a little every night, you will remember far more before the exam. 注意 if 句裡面不可以用 will：不要寫 If you will revise。
- SecondIf + 過去簡單, would + V——講現在不真實的假設。舉個例：If I were the head prefect, I would organise a study corner. 就算主語是 I 都用 were（虛擬語氣），不要寫 was。
- ThirdIf + 過去完成, would have + V-en——講過去沒有發生的假設。舉個例：If Wendy had slept earlier the night before, she might not have felt so dizzy in the maths test——純粹的後悔模式。
- unless 和 provided thatunless = if not：Unless you hand in your homework on time, you cannot join the activities. provided that = 只要：Wendy could lend me her notes provided that I return them the next day.
- 選錯 conditional答題三步：判斷真還是假（真實未來用 First；不真實用 Second/Third）→ 判斷時間（現在還是過去）→ 配公式。舉個例：If I had studied, I would pass 是錯——過去假設要 would have passed。
- 課文金句Mr Chan 說：Ifs are not excuses; they are maps. 再記住 Unless we learn from our mistakes, we will repeat them——背住這兩句，寫作結尾即刻有高度。
5例題示範 Example
根據課文改寫：I am not the head prefect. I can't organise a study corner. 用 second conditional。
- 第一步：現在不真實的假設 → second conditional。
- 第二步：if + past——If I were the head prefect（用 were，不要用 was）。
- 第三步：would + 原形動詞——I would organise a study corner in the library.
- 第四步：對比 first conditional（真實未來）——If you revise, you will remember more.
- 第五步：unless = if not——Unless we learn from our mistakes, we will repeat them.
- 答案：If I were the head prefect, I would organise a study corner in the library. Second conditional（if + past, would + V）講現在不真實的假設，記住用 were。真實未來用 first conditional：If you revise a little every night, you will remember far more. 過去假設用 third conditional：If Wendy had slept earlier, she might not have felt so dizzy. unless = if not：Unless we learn from our mistakes, we will repeat them.
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
76 題快測 Quick check
Q1Zero conditional 結構？
Q2First conditional？
Q3Second conditional？
Q4Third conditional？
Q5「If I _____ (be) you, I would go」？
Q6unless = ?
8重點回顧 Recap
- Zero：真理（If you water a plant, it grows）· First：真實未來（will）
- Second：現在假設（if + past, would）——If I were…（不要用 was）
- Third：過去假設（if + past perfect, would have + V-en）
- unless = if not——Unless you hand in homework, you cannot join activities.
- 課文金句：Ifs are not excuses; they are maps.