Passive Voice 被動語態
基礎Passive Voice.
- 被動結構：be + V-en（+ by + 做的人）
- 時態只是改 be：is / was / has been / will be / can be——V-en 不變
- 課文例子：The Tsing Ma Bridge was built in 1997.
文體小知識：Focus on the action done to the subject, not who did it.
§課文原文 Passage
1Last week our class visited the Hong Kong Museum of History for a guided tour. We were told that many priceless objects are kept safely in glass cases. Our guide explained that in the old days, many ferries were built by local shipyards in Kowloon. She also said that the Tsing Ma Bridge was built in 1997 to connect the airport with the city.
2In one room, we saw models of machines that were invented in the last hundred years. A short video showed how rice was produced and transported across the region. In the gift shop, most of the souvenirs are produced by local designers, so every purchase supports a small business. Suddenly, a warning was reported on the radio: a famous painting had been stolen from a gallery in Central.
3The thief was caught by the police within two hours, and the painting was returned to the museum that evening. Visitors are welcome to join the free tours every Saturday, and bookings can be made online. Our teacher joked that crimes in Hong Kong are usually solved before we finish our homework. On the way home, we agreed that history is best learned when stories are told well. Back at school, a photo of our class was taken in front of the museum, and it has been put up on the notice board.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Last week our class visited the Hong Kong Museum of History for a guided tour.
上星期我們班去了香港歷史博物館參觀，由導賞員帶隊。
We were told that many priceless objects are kept safely in glass cases.
我們獲告知，很多無價的文物都被妥善保存在玻璃展櫃裡面。
Our guide explained that in the old days, many ferries were built by local shipyards in Kowloon.
導賞員解釋，從前很多渡輪都是由九龍的本地船廠建造。
She also said that the Tsing Ma Bridge was built in 1997 to connect the airport with the city.
她還說，青馬大橋在一九九七年建成，連接機場同市區。
In one room, we saw models of machines that were invented in the last hundred years.
在其中一個展廳，我們看到過去一百年發明的機器模型。
A short video showed how rice was produced and transported across the region.
一段短片展示了稻米是怎樣生產同運送到各地。
In the gift shop, most of the souvenirs are produced by local designers, so every purchase supports a small business.
在禮品店，大部分紀念品都由本地設計師製作，所以每次購物都支持緊小生意。
Suddenly, a warning was reported on the radio: a famous painting had been stolen from a gallery in Central.
突然，收音機報道了一則警告：一幅名畫在中環一間畫廊被偷走。
The thief was caught by the police within two hours, and the painting was returned to the museum that evening.
賊人兩個小時之內就被警方捉到，那幅畫當晚就送回博物館。
Visitors are welcome to join the free tours every Saturday, and bookings can be made online.
歡迎遊客逢星期六參加免費導賞團，報名可以在網上進行。
Our teacher joked that crimes in Hong Kong are usually solved before we finish our homework.
老師開玩笑說，香港的罪案通常在我們做完功課之前就破了。
On the way home, we agreed that history is best learned when stories are told well.
回家途中，大家都同意，當故事講得好，歷史就是最好學的。
Back at school, a photo of our class was taken in front of the museum, and it has been put up on the notice board.
回到學校，我們班在博物館前面拍了張合照，現在還貼在告示板上。
1重點摘要 Summary
Passive Voice.
2生字卡 Vocabulary
主語是動作承受者。
引出動作者（可省略）。
橋。
興建。
發明。
生產。
報告。
偷。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 主動主動句結構：Subject（做的人）+ verb + object（承受者）。舉個例：Local designers produce most of the souvenirs——designers 做，souvenirs 收。
- 被動被動句結構：承受者做新主語 + be + V-en (+ by + 做的人)。舉個例：Most of the souvenirs are produced by local designers——受詞升級做主語，原主語跌入 by 短語。
- 時態時態只是改 be 的形式，V-en 永遠不變。舉個例：is built（現在）· was built（過去：The Tsing Ma Bridge was built in 1997）· has been put up（現在完成）· can be made（情態動詞）。
- 用法兩個時機用被動：想強調承受者（The thief was caught within two hours——重點是賊，不是警察）；或者做的人不重要／不知（Bookings can be made online——何必講明哪個做？）。
- 課文實戰博物館課文被動句特多：we were told · many ferries were built by local shipyards · a warning was reported · The thief was caught by the police · bookings can be made online——逐句試試寫回主動版。
- by 短語取捨by + 做的人是可以省略的。舉個例：English is spoken in Hong Kong——哪個講，無須講明；但如果做的人是新資訊（was built by local shipyards），就要保留。
- 常見錯誤四個高頻錯法：The book wrote by Lu Xun（→ was written）、English speaks in Hong Kong（→ is spoken）、The car repaired yesterday（→ was repaired）、English learn by students（→ is learnt）。沒有 be 就不是被動。
5例題示範 Example
根據博物館課文，將主動句轉成被動句：Local designers produce most of the souvenirs.
- 第一步：找受詞做新主語——most of the souvenirs.
- 第二步：be 動詞配合時態（現在式 → are）+ past participle——are produced.
- 第三步：用 by 帶回做的人——by local designers.
- 第四步：檢查——V-en 不會變，只是 be 轉形式。
- 第五步：讀一次，看看通不通順。
- 答案：主動：Local designers produce most of the souvenirs. → 被動：Most of the souvenirs are produced by local designers. 課文還有例子：The Tsing Ma Bridge was built in 1997.（過去被動）；The thief was caught by the police within two hours.（過去被動 + by）；Bookings can be made online.（modal 被動）。被動用來強調承受者，或者不用講哪個做。
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
76 題快測 Quick check
Q1被動結構？
Q2「They build the bridge」被動？
Q3什麼時候用被動？
Q4「English _____ (speak) worldwide」？
Q5現在進行被動？
Q6情態動詞被動？
8重點回顧 Recap
- 被動結構：be + V-en（+ by + 做的人）
- 時態只是改 be：is / was / has been / will be / can be——V-en 不變
- 課文例子：The Tsing Ma Bridge was built in 1997.
- 做的人不重要時，by 短語可以省略
- 用法：強調承受者——The thief was caught within two hours.