Relative Clauses 关系子句
基础Relative Clauses.
- 关系词选择：who 人 · which/that 物 · whose 所有格
- where 地方 · when 时间 · why 原因——the reason why she never throws anything away
- 限定子句不加 comma；非限定（补充）加 comma
文体小知识：who / which / that / whose — define or give extra info about a noun.
§课文原文 Passage
1My grandmother, who is eighty this year, still remembers her school days clearly. She grew up in a small village where everyone knew one another. The school that she attended had only one classroom and one blackboard. Lessons started at seven in the morning, and pupils who arrived late had to stand outside. The headmaster, whom all the children respected, taught them every subject himself.
2She still keeps the pen which she used to practise Chinese characters. Her elder brother, whose family moved to England many years ago, writes to her every month. She often talks about the years when life was simple but hard. That is probably the reason why she never throws anything away. Every object in her flat seems to carry a story that she is happy to share with me.
3Last Sunday, I visited the new district library which stands next to her estate. She walked there slowly with me, pointing at the trees that she had planted years ago. In the reading room, she met an old classmate whom she had not seen for over fifty years. They chatted for an hour about the teachers who had shaped their lives. When I listen to her stories, I feel proud of the woman who raised my father. I hope that one day I can tell my own grandchildren stories which are just as interesting.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
My grandmother, who is eighty this year, still remembers her school days clearly.
我奶奶今年八十岁，仍然清楚记得她的求学日子。
She grew up in a small village where everyone knew one another.
她在一条小村落长大，那里人人都互相认识。
The school that she attended had only one classroom and one blackboard.
她就读的学校只有一个课室和一块黑板。
Lessons started at seven in the morning, and pupils who arrived late had to stand outside.
早上七点就开始上课，迟到的学生要站在外面。
The headmaster, whom all the children respected, taught them every subject himself.
那位所有孩子都尊敬的校长，亲自教他们所有科目。
She still keeps the pen which she used to practise Chinese characters.
她仍然保留著那支用来练写中文字的笔。
Her elder brother, whose family moved to England many years ago, writes to her every month.
她哥哥一家很多年前移居了英国，但他每个月都会写信给奶奶。
She often talks about the years when life was simple but hard.
她常常讲起那些生活简单但艰难的年月。
That is probably the reason why she never throws anything away.
这个大概就是她从来不舍得丢掉东西的原因。
Every object in her flat seems to carry a story that she is happy to share with me.
她家每件物件似乎都带著一个她很乐意同我分享的故事。
Last Sunday, I visited the new district library which stands next to her estate.
上星期日，我去了她屋邨旁边新开的地区图书馆。
She walked there slowly with me, pointing at the trees that she had planted years ago.
她慢慢地同我走过去，指著那些她多年前亲手种的树。
In the reading room, she met an old classmate whom she had not seen for over fifty years.
在阅览室，她遇到一位五十多年没有见的旧同学。
They chatted for an hour about the teachers who had shaped their lives.
他们谈了一个小时，讲起那些塑造了他们人生的老师。
When I listen to her stories, I feel proud of the woman who raised my father.
听著她的故事，我为养大我爸爸的这位女士感到骄傲。
I hope that one day I can tell my own grandchildren stories which are just as interesting.
我希望有一天，我都可以和自己的孙子孙女讲同样有趣的故事。
1重点摘要 Summary
Relative Clauses.
2生字卡 Vocabulary
指人（主格）。
指物。
指人或物（限定）。
的（所有格）。
指人（宾格）。
指时间。
指地点。
指原因。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 识别先行词第一步找出被修饰的名词（先行词）。举个例：My grandmother, who is eighty…——grandmother 是人，所以后面用 who。先行词决定关系词，不可以凭感觉。
- 选关系代词人用 who/whom；物用 which；限定子句可用 that；所有格用 whose。举个例：the pen which she used to practise Chinese characters（物）、Her brother, whose family moved to England（所有格）。
- 限定/非限定限定子句定义身份，不加 comma：The school that she attended had only one classroom. 非限定子句纯补充，前后加 comma：My grandmother, who is eighty this year, still remembers…
- 省略关系代词做宾格时可以省：the pen (which) she used。做主格就不可以省：pupils who arrived late had to stand outside——who 后面直接是动词，省不得。
- 关系副词where 指地方（the village where everyone knew one another）、when 指时间（the years when life was simple but hard）、why 指原因（the reason why she never throws anything away）。
- 课文实战课文最后一句是关系子句示范：I feel proud of the woman who raised my father. 再进一步：stories which are just as interesting——试试将两句拆回做两句独立句子，再合回埋。
- 常见错误四个高频错法：The book which I bought it is good（→ 删 it，因为 which 已经是宾格）、the man which lives（→ who）、the house who has a garden（→ which）、the girl which hair is long（→ whose）。
5例题示范 Example
根据课文，合并两句：My grandmother is eighty. She still remembers her school days. 用关系子句。
- 第一步：找先行词——My grandmother（人）。
- 第二步：人用 who——My grandmother, who is eighty this year, still remembers her school days.
- 第三步：物用 which / that——the pen which she used to practise Chinese characters.
- 第四步：所有格用 whose——Her brother, whose family moved to England, writes every month.
- 第五步：检查——非限定（补充资料）前后加 comma；限定不加。
- 答案：My grandmother, who is eighty this year, still remembers her school days clearly. 关系词选择：who 人、which/that 物、whose 所有格、where 地方、when 时间。课文例子：the village where everyone knew one another；the years when life was simple but hard。非限定子句（纯补充）前后要加 comma。
6常见错误 Mistakes
76 题快测 Quick check
Q1指人用什么？
Q2指物用什么？
Q3所有格用什么？
Q4限定 vs 非限定？
Q5「The book _____ I bought is good」？
Q6「This is the house _____ I live」？
8重点回顾 Recap
- 关系词选择：who 人 · which/that 物 · whose 所有格
- where 地方 · when 时间 · why 原因——the reason why she never throws anything away
- 限定子句不加 comma；非限定（补充）加 comma
- 宾格关系代词可以省：the pen (which) she used
- 课文金句：the woman who raised my father——关系子句写情怀