Passive Voice 被动语态
基础Passive Voice.
- 被动结构：be + V-en（+ by + 做的人）
- 时态只是改 be：is / was / has been / will be / can be——V-en 不变
- 课文例子：The Tsing Ma Bridge was built in 1997.
文体小知识：Focus on the action done to the subject, not who did it.
§课文原文 Passage
1Last week our class visited the Hong Kong Museum of History for a guided tour. We were told that many priceless objects are kept safely in glass cases. Our guide explained that in the old days, many ferries were built by local shipyards in Kowloon. She also said that the Tsing Ma Bridge was built in 1997 to connect the airport with the city.
2In one room, we saw models of machines that were invented in the last hundred years. A short video showed how rice was produced and transported across the region. In the gift shop, most of the souvenirs are produced by local designers, so every purchase supports a small business. Suddenly, a warning was reported on the radio: a famous painting had been stolen from a gallery in Central.
3The thief was caught by the police within two hours, and the painting was returned to the museum that evening. Visitors are welcome to join the free tours every Saturday, and bookings can be made online. Our teacher joked that crimes in Hong Kong are usually solved before we finish our homework. On the way home, we agreed that history is best learned when stories are told well. Back at school, a photo of our class was taken in front of the museum, and it has been put up on the notice board.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Last week our class visited the Hong Kong Museum of History for a guided tour.
上星期我们班去了香港历史博物馆参观，由导赏员带队。
We were told that many priceless objects are kept safely in glass cases.
我们获告知，很多无价的文物都被妥善保存在玻璃展柜里面。
Our guide explained that in the old days, many ferries were built by local shipyards in Kowloon.
导赏员解释，从前很多渡轮都是由九龙的本地船厂建造。
She also said that the Tsing Ma Bridge was built in 1997 to connect the airport with the city.
她还说，青马大桥在一九九七年建成，连接机场同市区。
In one room, we saw models of machines that were invented in the last hundred years.
在其中一个展厅，我们看到过去一百年发明的机器模型。
A short video showed how rice was produced and transported across the region.
一段短片展示了稻米是怎样生产同运送到各地。
In the gift shop, most of the souvenirs are produced by local designers, so every purchase supports a small business.
在礼品店，大部分纪念品都由本地设计师制作，所以每次购物都支持紧小生意。
Suddenly, a warning was reported on the radio: a famous painting had been stolen from a gallery in Central.
突然，收音机报道了一则警告：一幅名画在中环一间画廊被偷走。
The thief was caught by the police within two hours, and the painting was returned to the museum that evening.
贼人两个小时之内就被警方捉到，那幅画当晚就送回博物馆。
Visitors are welcome to join the free tours every Saturday, and bookings can be made online.
欢迎游客逢星期六参加免费导赏团，报名可以在网上进行。
Our teacher joked that crimes in Hong Kong are usually solved before we finish our homework.
老师开玩笑说，香港的罪案通常在我们做完功课之前就破了。
On the way home, we agreed that history is best learned when stories are told well.
回家途中，大家都同意，当故事讲得好，历史就是最好学的。
Back at school, a photo of our class was taken in front of the museum, and it has been put up on the notice board.
回到学校，我们班在博物馆前面拍了张合照，现在还贴在告示板上。
1重点摘要 Summary
Passive Voice.
2生字卡 Vocabulary
主语是动作承受者。
引出动作者（可省略）。
桥。
兴建。
发明。
生产。
报告。
偷。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 主动主动句结构：Subject（做的人）+ verb + object（承受者）。举个例：Local designers produce most of the souvenirs——designers 做，souvenirs 收。
- 被动被动句结构：承受者做新主语 + be + V-en (+ by + 做的人)。举个例：Most of the souvenirs are produced by local designers——受词升级做主语，原主语跌入 by 短语。
- 时态时态只是改 be 的形式，V-en 永远不变。举个例：is built（现在）· was built（过去：The Tsing Ma Bridge was built in 1997）· has been put up（现在完成）· can be made（情态动词）。
- 用法两个时机用被动：想强调承受者（The thief was caught within two hours——重点是贼，不是警察）；或者做的人不重要／不知（Bookings can be made online——何必讲明哪个做？）。
- 课文实战博物馆课文被动句特多：we were told · many ferries were built by local shipyards · a warning was reported · The thief was caught by the police · bookings can be made online——逐句试试写回主动版。
- by 短语取舍by + 做的人是可以省略的。举个例：English is spoken in Hong Kong——哪个讲，无须讲明；但如果做的人是新资讯（was built by local shipyards），就要保留。
- 常见错误四个高频错法：The book wrote by Lu Xun（→ was written）、English speaks in Hong Kong（→ is spoken）、The car repaired yesterday（→ was repaired）、English learn by students（→ is learnt）。没有 be 就不是被动。
5例题示范 Example
根据博物馆课文，将主动句转成被动句：Local designers produce most of the souvenirs.
- 第一步：找受词做新主语——most of the souvenirs.
- 第二步：be 动词配合时态（现在式 → are）+ past participle——are produced.
- 第三步：用 by 带回做的人——by local designers.
- 第四步：检查——V-en 不会变，只是 be 转形式。
- 第五步：读一次，看看通不通顺。
- 答案：主动：Local designers produce most of the souvenirs. → 被动：Most of the souvenirs are produced by local designers. 课文还有例子：The Tsing Ma Bridge was built in 1997.（过去被动）；The thief was caught by the police within two hours.（过去被动 + by）；Bookings can be made online.（modal 被动）。被动用来强调承受者，或者不用讲哪个做。
6常见错误 Mistakes
76 题快测 Quick check
Q1被动结构？
Q2「They build the bridge」被动？
Q3什么时候用被动？
Q4「English _____ (speak) worldwide」？
Q5现在进行被动？
Q6情态动词被动？
8重点回顾 Recap
- 被动结构：be + V-en（+ by + 做的人）
- 时态只是改 be：is / was / has been / will be / can be——V-en 不变
- 课文例子：The Tsing Ma Bridge was built in 1997.
- 做的人不重要时，by 短语可以省略
- 用法：强调承受者——The thief was caught within two hours.