Conditionals 条件句
进阶Conditionals.
- Zero：真理（If you water a plant, it grows）· First：真实未来（will）
- Second：现在假设（if + past, would）——If I were…（不要用 was）
- Third：过去假设（if + past perfect, would have + V-en）
文体小知识：Four types: zero, first, second, third conditional — real vs unreal.
§课文原文 Passage
1Our form teacher, Mr Chan, always says that success is built on small daily choices. If you water a plant every day, it grows strong; if you revise a little every night, you will remember far more before the exam. Unless you hand in your homework on time, you cannot join the after-school activities. These rules may sound strict, but they help us build good habits.
2During our class meeting last Friday, we talked about our own choices. I said that I would join the debate team if I had more free time. If I were the head prefect, I would organise a study corner in the library where anyone could get help. My friend Wendy said she could lend me her notes provided that I return them the next day. If Wendy had slept earlier the night before, she might not have felt so dizzy in the maths test.
3Mr Chan smiled and told us that ifs are not excuses; they are maps. If we choose carefully, small decisions will lead us to good results. If you have never tried something new, you will never know what you are good at. Unless we learn from our mistakes, we will repeat them. Life is full of ifs, but careful choices usually lead to good results.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Our form teacher, Mr Chan, always says that success is built on small daily choices.
我们班主任陈老师常常说，成功是由每日的小选择累积回来。
If you water a plant every day, it grows strong; if you revise a little every night, you will remember far more before the exam.
如果你日日浇花，植物就会茁壮；如果你每晚温一点书，考试前就会记得更多。
Unless you hand in your homework on time, you cannot join the after-school activities.
除非你准时交功课，否则不可以参加课外活动。
These rules may sound strict, but they help us build good habits.
这些规矩听起来好像很严，但它们帮我们培养好习惯。
During our class meeting last Friday, we talked about our own choices.
上星期五班会，我们谈了自己的选择。
I said that I would join the debate team if I had more free time.
我说如果有多些空闲时间，我会参加辩论队。
If I were the head prefect, I would organise a study corner in the library where anyone could get help.
如果我是总领袖生，我会在图书馆设一个自修角，让任何人都可以得到帮助。
My friend Wendy said she could lend me her notes provided that I return them the next day.
我朋友Wendy说，只要我第二天归还，她就可以借些笔记给我。
If Wendy had slept earlier the night before, she might not have felt so dizzy in the maths test.
如果Wendy前一晚早些睡，她数学测验那时可能就不会这么头晕。
Mr Chan smiled and told us that ifs are not excuses; they are maps.
陈老师笑著对我们说，「如果」不是借口，而是地图。
If we choose carefully, small decisions will lead us to good results.
如果我们小心选择，小决定就会带我们走向好结果。
If you have never tried something new, you will never know what you are good at.
如果你从未试过新事物，你就永远不会知道自己擅长什么。
Unless we learn from our mistakes, we will repeat them.
除非我们从错误中学习，否则只会重复犯错。
Life is full of ifs, but careful choices usually lead to good results.
人生充满「如果」，但小心的选择通常都会带来好结果。
1重点摘要 Summary
Conditionals.
2生字卡 Vocabulary
如果。
只要。
会（假设）。
可以。
可能。
除非。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- ZeroIf + 现在简单, 现在简单——讲必然事实。举个例：If you water a plant every day, it grows strong. 条件和结果都是真理，这种是最简单的 conditional。
- FirstIf + 现在简单, will + V——讲真实未来。举个例：If you revise a little every night, you will remember far more before the exam. 注意 if 句里面不可以用 will：不要写 If you will revise。
- SecondIf + 过去简单, would + V——讲现在不真实的假设。举个例：If I were the head prefect, I would organise a study corner. 就算主语是 I 都用 were（虚拟语气），不要写 was。
- ThirdIf + 过去完成, would have + V-en——讲过去没有发生的假设。举个例：If Wendy had slept earlier the night before, she might not have felt so dizzy in the maths test——纯粹的后悔模式。
- unless 和 provided thatunless = if not：Unless you hand in your homework on time, you cannot join the activities. provided that = 只要：Wendy could lend me her notes provided that I return them the next day.
- 选错 conditional答题三步：判断真还是假（真实未来用 First；不真实用 Second/Third）→ 判断时间（现在还是过去）→ 配公式。举个例：If I had studied, I would pass 是错——过去假设要 would have passed。
- 课文金句Mr Chan 说：Ifs are not excuses; they are maps. 再记住 Unless we learn from our mistakes, we will repeat them——背住这两句，写作结尾即刻有高度。
5例题示范 Example
根据课文改写：I am not the head prefect. I can't organise a study corner. 用 second conditional。
- 第一步：现在不真实的假设 → second conditional。
- 第二步：if + past——If I were the head prefect（用 were，不要用 was）。
- 第三步：would + 原形动词——I would organise a study corner in the library.
- 第四步：对比 first conditional（真实未来）——If you revise, you will remember more.
- 第五步：unless = if not——Unless we learn from our mistakes, we will repeat them.
- 答案：If I were the head prefect, I would organise a study corner in the library. Second conditional（if + past, would + V）讲现在不真实的假设，记住用 were。真实未来用 first conditional：If you revise a little every night, you will remember far more. 过去假设用 third conditional：If Wendy had slept earlier, she might not have felt so dizzy. unless = if not：Unless we learn from our mistakes, we will repeat them.
6常见错误 Mistakes
76 题快测 Quick check
Q1Zero conditional 结构？
Q2First conditional？
Q3Second conditional？
Q4Third conditional？
Q5「If I _____ (be) you, I would go」？
Q6unless = ?
8重点回顾 Recap
- Zero：真理（If you water a plant, it grows）· First：真实未来（will）
- Second：现在假设（if + past, would）——If I were…（不要用 was）
- Third：过去假设（if + past perfect, would have + V-en）
- unless = if not——Unless you hand in homework, you cannot join activities.
- 课文金句：Ifs are not excuses; they are maps.