Tenses 時式:現在式與過去式

基礎

Present simple 講習慣和事實,past simple 講已經完成的事——he/she/it 記得加 -s,不規則動詞要特別記。

適合:中一英國語文 · 單元:文法 · 建議學習路徑第 6/21 課

學完呢課,你會識:
  • 時間詞判時態:yesterday / last year → past;now / every day → present
  • 規則動詞過去式加 -ed:want → wanted;clap → clapped(雙寫尾字母)
  • 不規則動詞硬記:go → went · teach → taught · swim → swam · eat → ate
文體:Grammar有聲朗讀

文體小知識:Check the time word first.

英國語文English Language
讀呢課前,你應該識: My Community 我的社區

§課文原文 Passage

1Last year, I was afraid of swimming, so I never went to the pool. When my classmates invited me to the beach, I always said no. My PE teacher, Mr Ng, saw me standing alone and smiled kindly. 'Everyone starts somewhere,' he said, and he taught me every Friday after school. At first, I swallowed a lot of water and my arms hurt badly. I wanted to give up many times, but Mr Ng never let me quit.

2Week by week, my confidence grew. I learned to float first, and then to kick. In March, I swam one width of the pool, and my classmates clapped for me. Now I swim twice a week, and I feel strong and happy in the water. Swimming also helps me sleep well and focus in class. Last month, I even joined the inter-school swimming gala and finished third. My little brother cannot swim yet, so I teach him in the shallow pool every Saturday morning.

3Yesterday he swam five metres by himself, and I clapped loudly, just as my classmates did for me. He grinned and shouted, 'Again! Again!' When I look at the pool now, I do not feel afraid any more. I remember that practice changes everything, and every expert was once a beginner too.

§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation

Last year, I was afraid of swimming, so I never went to the pool.

去年我很怕游泳,所以從來都不去泳池。

When my classmates invited me to the beach, I always said no.

同學約我去沙灘的時候,我每次都說不去。

My PE teacher, Mr Ng, saw me standing alone and smiled kindly.

我的體育老師吳Sir見到我一個人站在那裡,就友善地笑了一下。

'Everyone starts somewhere,' he said, and he taught me every Friday after school.

他說:「每個人都是由零開始的。」之後他逢星期五放學都教我游泳。

At first, I swallowed a lot of water and my arms hurt badly.

起初我喝了很多水,手臂又痛得不得了。

I wanted to give up many times, but Mr Ng never let me quit.

我很多次想放棄,但吳Sir一直都不讓我放棄。

Week by week, my confidence grew.

一個星期又一個星期,我的信心慢慢增加。

I learned to float first, and then to kick.

我先學會漂浮,然後學踢水。

In March, I swam one width of the pool, and my classmates clapped for me.

三月的時候,我游到一個池的闊度,同學們都拍手鼓勵我。

Now I swim twice a week, and I feel strong and happy in the water.

現在我每星期游泳兩次,在水裡面覺得又強壯又開心。

Swimming also helps me sleep well and focus in class.

游泳還幫我睡得好,上課更專心。

Last month, I even joined the inter-school swimming gala and finished third.

上個月我還參加了校際游泳比賽,拿到第三名。

My little brother cannot swim yet, so I teach him in the shallow pool every Saturday morning.

我弟弟還不會游泳,所以我逢星期六早上都會在淺水池教他。

Yesterday he swam five metres by himself, and I clapped loudly, just as my classmates did for me.

昨天他自己游了五米,我大聲拍手,就好像當日同學為我拍手一樣。

He grinned and shouted, 'Again! Again!'

他咧嘴笑著大叫:「再來!再來!」

When I look at the pool now, I do not feel afraid any more.

現在我望著泳池,已經不再害怕。

I remember that practice changes everything, and every expert was once a beginner too.

我記得練習可以改變一切,而且每個高手都曾經是初學者。

1重點摘要 Summary

Present simple 講習慣和事實,past simple 講已經完成的事——he/she/it 記得加 -s,不規則動詞要特別記。

2生字卡 Vocabulary

P
Present現在式

習慣事實。

P
Past過去式

已發生。

F
Future未來式

將會發生。

A
Auxiliary助動詞

Do, did, will。

R
Regular規則

加 -ed。

I
Irregular不規則

例如 go-went。

T
Time marker時間詞

Yesterday, now, tomorrow。

S
Signal word信號詞

Always, usually, often。

3逐步講解 Steps

  1. 現在式講恆常事實,he/she/it 後加 -s:Now I swim twice a week. I teach my little brother every Saturday. 舉個例子:He swims every Saturday.
  2. 過去式講已發生:Last year, I was afraid of swimming, so I never went to the pool. 規則動詞加 -ed:want → wanted;clap → clapped(雙寫尾字母)。
  3. 未來式will + 原形動詞:I will try again next month. 對照課文:Yesterday he swam five metres(past)→ Tomorrow he will swim more(future)。
  4. 時間詞見字知時態:yesterday / last year / in March → past;now / every day / twice a week → present;tomorrow → future。舉個例子:Yesterday → swam;now → swim.
  5. 不規則硬記課文動詞:go → went · teach → taught · swim → swam · grow → grew。舉個例子:In March, I swam one width of the pool.
  6. 同段混用課文一段內轉時態:Last month, I even joined the inter-school swimming gala(past). Now I feel strong and happy in the water(present)。時間詞一轉,動詞接著轉。
  7. 三態練習課文金句 Practice changes everything. 套用三個時態:Practice changed my swimming. Practice changes everything. Practice will change your results too.

4圖解 Diagrams

英文時態時間線 Tenses on a timelineNOW 現在PAST 過去FUTURE 將來簡單過去式I walked.做完咗嘅事現在式I walk to school.習慣·事實將來式 willI will walk.將會做進行式(be + ing):那一刻做緊|完成式(have + p.p.):做完有影響I was walking(過去進行)· I have walked(現在完成)記位技巧:先定位(過去/現在/將來),再問「做緊定做完?」——時態就唔會亂
圖 1:英文時態時間線

5例題示範 Example

根據課文:為什麼作者寫 Last year, I never went to the pool,但又寫 Now I swim twice a week?試試解釋兩句用了邊種時式和為什麼。

  1. 第一步:找時間詞——last year、yesterday、last month → past simple;now、every Saturday → present simple。
  2. 第二步:認出不規則過去式——go → went、teach → taught、swim → swam。
  3. 第三步:認出規則過去式——wanted、learned、clapped(短字雙寫尾字母再加 -ed)。
  4. 第四步:講現在的習慣用 present simple——Now I swim twice a week.
  5. 第五步:檢查第三人稱——He swims every Saturday.(he/she/it 加 -s)
  6. 答案:Last year 帶出過去:作者當年驚水,所以用 past simple——never went、Mr Ng taught me、I swam one width。Now 和 every Saturday 帶出習慣,所以用 present simple——Now I swim twice a week、I teach him every Saturday morning。規則動詞加 -ed(wanted、learned、clapped),不規則動詞要硬記:go → went、teach → taught、swim → swam。

6常見錯誤 Mistakes

✗ I am walk now.
✓ I am walking now.
✗ He go to park yesterday.
✓ He went to the park yesterday.
✗ She don't like fish.
✓ She doesn't like fish.
✗ They is happy.
✓ They are happy.

75 題快測 Quick check

Q1What tense is "I go"?

Q2What tense is "I went"?

Q3What does "yesterday" signal?

Q4What does "tomorrow" signal?

Q5Is "go-went" regular?

8重點回顧 Recap

  • 時間詞判時態:yesterday / last year → past;now / every day → present
  • 規則動詞過去式加 -ed:want → wanted;clap → clapped(雙寫尾字母)
  • 不規則動詞硬記:go → went · teach → taught · swim → swam · eat → ate
  • he / she / it 後面現在式動詞加 -s:He swims every Saturday.
  • 課文主旨:Practice changes everything——作者由驚水學到參加 inter-school swimming gala

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