Sentence Structure 句子結構

進階

每句一定要有主語和動詞;用 and / but / because 連接意思,用 do / does / did 問問題。

適合:中一英國語文 · 單元:文法 · 建議學習路徑第 10/21 課

學完呢課,你會識:
  • 每句要有主語 + 動詞;基本語序是 S + V (+ O)
  • because 和 so 不要一起用——二選一
  • 問句用 Do / Does / Did + 主語 + 原形動詞:Did you leave the lights on?
文體:Grammar有聲朗讀

文體小知識:Every sentence needs a subject and a verb.

英國語文English Language
讀呢課前,你應該識: Adjectives and Adverbs 形容詞與副詞

§課文原文 Passage

1After lunch, Marco and I returned to our classroom. Nobody was inside, but the lights were still on, and two fans were spinning noisily. 'Who forgot to switch off the lights?' Marco asked. We looked for the class monitor, but we could not find her. She was not in the hall, and she was not in the music room either. Because we are classmates who help each other, we decided to search for her together.

2Finally, we found her in the library, reading quietly under the window. 'Did you leave the lights on?' I asked her softly. She laughed and said, 'Oh no! I was in a hurry because the lunch bell rang early.' We did not blame her, because everyone forgets things sometimes. Instead, the three of us made a plan. We wrote a big reminder and stuck it beside the light switches.

3Then we went back to the classroom together, switched off the lights and the fans, and closed the door carefully. Our teacher heard about the plan and praised us in front of the class. Now the last student who leaves always checks the switches. Small actions like this save energy for our school, and they also show that we care about our community. It was a small afternoon, but we learned something big.

§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation

After lunch, Marco and I returned to our classroom.

吃完午飯,我同 Marco 回到課室。

Nobody was inside, but the lights were still on, and two fans were spinning noisily.

課室裡面沒有人,但燈還開著,兩部風扇還在嗡嗡轉。

'Who forgot to switch off the lights?' Marco asked.

Marco 問:「誰忘記熄燈?」

We looked for the class monitor, but we could not find her.

我們找班長,但怎麼找也找不到。

She was not in the hall, and she was not in the music room either.

她不在禮堂,又不在音樂室。

Because we are classmates who help each other, we decided to search for her together.

因為我們是互相幫助的同學,所以我們決定一起去找她。

Finally, we found her in the library, reading quietly under the window.

最後我們在圖書館找到她,她靜靜地坐在窗邊看書。

'Did you leave the lights on?' I asked her softly.

我低聲問她:「是不是你忘記熄燈?」

She laughed and said, 'Oh no! I was in a hurry because the lunch bell rang early.'

她笑著說:「哎呀!因為午飯鐘早了響,我走得太急。」

We did not blame her, because everyone forgets things sometimes.

我們沒有怪她,因為每個人都會有忘記東西的時候。

Instead, the three of us made a plan.

相反,我們三個人想了個辦法。

We wrote a big reminder and stuck it beside the light switches.

我們寫了張大字提示,貼在燈掣旁邊。

Then we went back to the classroom together, switched off the lights and the fans, and closed the door carefully.

之後我們一起回到課室,熄了燈同風扇,再小心關上門。

Our teacher heard about the plan and praised us in front of the class.

老師知道了這個辦法,在全班面前讚我們。

Now the last student who leaves always checks the switches.

現在最後離開課室的同學一定會檢查電掣。

Small actions like this save energy for our school, and they also show that we care about our community.

這些小小的行動可以幫學校省電,還顯示出我們關心自己的社群。

It was a small afternoon, but we learned something big.

那個下午很平凡,但我們學會了很重要的東西。

1重點摘要 Summary

每句一定要有主語和動詞;用 and / but / because 連接意思,用 do / does / did 問問題。

2生字卡 Vocabulary

S
Subject主詞

做動作的人。

V
Verb動詞

動作。

O
Object賓詞

受動作的人/物。

W
Word order字序

S + V + O。

Q
Question問句

Do/Does/Did 開頭。

N
Negative否定句

Do not / does not。

S
Statement陳述句

肯定句。

P
Punctuation標點

. ? !

3逐步講解 Steps

  1. SVO英文基本語序 Subject + Verb + Object:We (S) switched off (V) the lights (O)。舉個例子:Marco and I returned to our classroom.
  2. 問句Do / Does / Did + 主語 + 原形動詞:Did you leave the lights on?——有 be 動詞就直接提前:Where is the class monitor?Wh- 問句都要助動詞:Where did you go?(不是 Where you went?)——do / does / did 緊記不要漏掉。
  3. 否定do not / does not / did not + 原形:We did not blame her.——be 動詞直接加 not:She was not in the hall.主語三身配搭:I / you / we / they 用 do not;he / she / it 用 does not——第三人稱單數是關鍵位。
  4. 找主語問『哪個做?』:'Who forgot to switch off the lights?'——the class monitor 就是主語。連 Nobody 都做到主語:Nobody was inside.
  5. 連接句and / but / because 連接兩句:Because we are classmates who help each other, we decided to search together.——because 和 so 不要齊用。
  6. 標點規矩句首大楷、句尾標點一個都不可以漏:'Oh no!' She laughed and said… 問句用 ?,感嘆用 !感嘆句用 What / How:What a hot day! How fast he runs!——What 配名詞、How 配形容副詞。
  7. 課文應用We wrote a big reminder and stuck it beside the light switches.——一個主語 We 帶兩個動詞,第二個動詞前面不用重覆主語。一句兩動作的連接:We searched and asked, but found nothing——and 加、but 轉,兩個接連詞夠用全篇。

4圖解 Diagrams

課題概念圖Sentence Structure 句子結構1SVO重點 Focus詳細內容見下方2問句重點 Focus詳細內容見下方3否定重點 Focus詳細內容見下方核心詞語主詞 Subject · 動詞 Verb · 賓詞 Object · 字序 Word order
課題概念圖 · 中英對照 bilingual

5例題示範 Example

根據課文(課室燈未熄那件小事),用 S + V + O 寫三句完整句子,再用 and / because 擴句。

  1. 第一步:每句一定要有主語 + 動詞——We found her in the library.(不可以齋寫 Found her.)
  2. 第二步:跟 S + V + O 排序——The last student checks the switches.(主語 + 動詞 + 受詞)
  3. 第三步:用 and 連兩個動作——We went back and switched off the lights.
  4. 第四步:用 because 講原因——We did not blame her because everyone forgets things sometimes.
  5. 第五步:檢查句首大楷、句尾標點 . ? !(because 和 so 不要齊用)
  6. 答案:完整句子 = 主語 + 動詞 (+ 受詞),例如 We switched off the lights and closed the door. 想連動作就用 and;想講原因就用 because:We wrote a big reminder because we wanted to help. 切記 because 和 so 不可以同一句出現,二選一。最後檢查:句首大楷、句尾加 . ? !,問句用 Did you leave the lights on? 這種 do/did + 主語 + 原形結構。

6常見錯誤 Mistakes

✗ I like because it is fun.
✓ I like it because...
✗ Because it is fun, so I like it.
✓ Because..., I like it.(不用 so)
✗ He go to school and he play.
✓ He goes... and plays...
✗ The book is interesting, I read it.
✓ The book is interesting, so I read it.

75 題快測 Quick check

Q1What is SVO?

Q2How to make a question?

Q3How to make negative?

Q4What ends a question?

Q5What is the subject?

8重點回顧 Recap

  • 每句要有主語 + 動詞;基本語序是 S + V (+ O)
  • because 和 so 不要一起用——二選一
  • 問句用 Do / Does / Did + 主語 + 原形動詞:Did you leave the lights on?
  • 句首大楷、句尾標點 . ? ! 一個都不可以漏
  • 課文例子:在掣旁邊貼 reminder——small actions save energy 節約能源

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