Nouns and Articles 名詞與冠詞
基礎可數名詞有單眾數、可以配 a/an;不可數名詞不得。第一次提用 a/an,講明是哪個就用 the。
- a + 輔音音 · an + 元音音:an apple、an hour;但 a university、a European city
- the = 講明是哪個:第二次提及、大家都知的東西
- 不可數名詞:water、rice、information——不加 -s、不配 a/an,用 some
文體小知識:a, an or the — choose before you speak.
§課文原文 Passage
1Last Saturday, my mother asked me to buy some fruit and rice for dinner because she was busy with work. I took an umbrella and a shopping bag and walked to the wet market near the estate. The sky was grey, but the market was full of life. An old fish seller gave me good advice about fresh fish, and I thanked him politely. The children near the fruit stall were laughing at a little mouse, and even the stall owner was smiling.
2I bought ten apples, a bag of rice, some milk and a bunch of vegetables. The apples cost thirty dollars, and the rice was on special offer. I also bought a small cake for my grandmother because she loves sweets. On the way home, I met my classmate Kevin under an umbrella that looked exactly like mine. We laughed, and we talked about our homework. He had much homework too, so we did it together at his flat while the rain fell outside.
3That evening, our whole family ate a delicious dinner, and I felt proud because I helped. Mum said the fish soup tasted better than usual. Dad asked where I learned to choose fruit, and I smiled. Next Saturday, I want to go to the market again, this time with an apron and a longer shopping list.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Last Saturday, my mother asked me to buy some fruit and rice for dinner because she was busy with work.
上星期六,媽媽因為工作很忙,叫我去買些生果同米回來煮晚飯。
I took an umbrella and a shopping bag and walked to the wet market near the estate.
我拿了把傘同一個購物袋,走去屋苑附近的街市。
The sky was grey, but the market was full of life.
天色灰灰的,但街市裡面很熱鬧。
An old fish seller gave me good advice about fresh fish, and I thanked him politely.
一位賣魚的伯伯教了我怎樣挑選新鮮魚,我很有禮貌地多謝他。
The children near the fruit stall were laughing at a little mouse, and even the stall owner was smiling.
水果檔附近的小朋友笑著看一隻小老鼠,連檔主都跟著笑。
I bought ten apples, a bag of rice, some milk and a bunch of vegetables.
我買了十個蘋果、一袋米、一些牛奶同一紮菜。
The apples cost thirty dollars, and the rice was on special offer.
那些蘋果要三十元,米就正在做特價。
I also bought a small cake for my grandmother because she loves sweets.
我還買了一個小蛋糕給奶奶,因為她最喜歡吃甜東西。
On the way home, I met my classmate Kevin under an umbrella that looked exactly like mine.
回家途中,我遇到同學 Kevin,他的傘同我那把一模一樣。
We laughed, and we talked about our homework.
我們笑了一輪,還聊了功課的事。
He had much homework too, so we did it together at his flat while the rain fell outside.
他也有很多功課,所以我們在他家一起做,外面下著雨。
That evening, our whole family ate a delicious dinner, and I felt proud because I helped.
那晚全家人吃了一頓好味的晚飯,我因為幫了忙而覺得很自豪。
Mum said the fish soup tasted better than usual.
媽媽說那鍋魚湯比平時更好味。
Dad asked where I learned to choose fruit, and I smiled.
爸爸問我在哪裡學會選生果,我笑了笑沒有答。
Next Saturday, I want to go to the market again, this time with an apron and a longer shopping list.
下個星期六我想再去街市,這次還要帶圍裙同一份更長的購物清單。
1重點摘要 Summary
可數名詞有單眾數、可以配 a/an;不可數名詞不得。第一次提用 a/an,講明是哪個就用 the。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
人/事/物。
A, an, the。
One book, two books。
Water, money。
加 -s。
A e i o u。
其他字母。
Man-men, child-children。
3逐步講解 Steps
- a/an看音不看字母:an apple、an umbrella(元音音開頭);a bag、a university(輔音音)。舉個例子:I took an umbrella and a shopping bag.快測自己:an hour(h 不發音)✔、a European trip(Eu 讀 ju)✔——跟讀音不跟字母,例子背兩個就夠。
- the特指、第二次提、大家都知:The sky was grey, but the market was full of life.——大家知你講哪個 market 先用 the.首次提用 a/an、再次提用 the:I saw a cat. The cat was sleeping——故事寫作就是這樣引出主角。
- 複數一般加 -s:ten apples;-es:box → boxes;不規則:child → children、mouse → mice(課文有 a little mouse)、man → men、sheep → sheep.
- 可數不可數可數加 -s:ten apples、two shops;不可數不加 -s、不配 a/an:some rice、some milk。舉個例子:I bought a bag of rice and some milk.不可數要量詞包裝:a piece of advice、two cups of tea——不可以講 an advice,考試常設這陷阱。
- 量詞片語不可數名詞要靠量詞:a bag of rice 一袋米 · a bunch of vegetables 一紮菜 · a piece of advice——個 fish seller gave me good advice.
- 零冠詞上學 go to school(不加 the)、吃晚餐 have dinner:Our whole family ate a delicious dinner. 想吓為什麼 school 前面沒有 the.
- 課文應用拿課文句做檢查:an old fish seller、a bunch of vegetables、the children near the fruit stall——為什麼分別用 a / an / the?
4圖解 Diagrams
5例題示範 Example
根據課文,解釋為什麼是 I took an umbrella and a shopping bag,但是 The sky was grey 要用 the。
- 第一步:第一次提、可數單數 → a / an——an umbrella(元音音開頭)、a shopping bag(輔音開頭)。
- 第二步:講明是哪個 → the——The sky was grey(大家都抬頭見到那個天)。
- 第三步:不可數名詞 → 不加 a/an,用 some——Mum asked me to buy some fruit and rice.
- 第四步:可數眾數可以直接數——ten apples、The children near the fruit stall.
- 第五步:量詞片語記熟——a bag of rice 一袋米、a bunch of vegetables 一紮菜。
- 答案:an umbrella(u 讀元音音)、a shopping bag(輔音開頭)——第一次提及用 a/an。The sky 是特定那個天,所以用 the。不可數的 fruit、rice、milk 要用 some,不可以講 a rice 或者 an information。數得到的可以寫 ten apples,或者用量詞:a bag of rice、a bunch of vegetables。
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
75 題快測 Quick check
Q1Which article before "apple"?
Q2Which article before "book"?
Q3Is "water" countable?
Q4Plural of "child"?
Q5Plural of "man"?
8重點回顧 Recap
- a + 輔音音 · an + 元音音:an apple、an hour;但 a university、a European city
- the = 講明是哪個:第二次提及、大家都知的東西
- 不可數名詞:water、rice、information——不加 -s、不配 a/an,用 some
- 量詞片語:a bag of rice 一袋米 · a bunch of vegetables 一紮菜
- 不規則眾數:child → children · mouse → mice(課文有 a little mouse)