Nouns and Articles 名词与冠词

基础

可数名词有单众数、可以配 a/an;不可数名词不得。第一次提用 a/an,讲明是哪个就用 the。

适合:中一英国语文 · 单元:文法 · 建议学习路径第 7/21 课

学完呢课,你会识:
  • a + 辅音音 · an + 元音音:an apple、an hour;但 a university、a European city
  • the = 讲明是哪个:第二次提及、大家都知的东西
  • 不可数名词:water、rice、information——不加 -s、不配 a/an,用 some
文体:Grammar有声朗读

文体小知识:a, an or the — choose before you speak.

英国语文English Language
读呢课前,你应该识: Tenses 时式:现在式与过去式

§课文原文 Passage

1Last Saturday, my mother asked me to buy some fruit and rice for dinner because she was busy with work. I took an umbrella and a shopping bag and walked to the wet market near the estate. The sky was grey, but the market was full of life. An old fish seller gave me good advice about fresh fish, and I thanked him politely. The children near the fruit stall were laughing at a little mouse, and even the stall owner was smiling.

2I bought ten apples, a bag of rice, some milk and a bunch of vegetables. The apples cost thirty dollars, and the rice was on special offer. I also bought a small cake for my grandmother because she loves sweets. On the way home, I met my classmate Kevin under an umbrella that looked exactly like mine. We laughed, and we talked about our homework. He had much homework too, so we did it together at his flat while the rain fell outside.

3That evening, our whole family ate a delicious dinner, and I felt proud because I helped. Mum said the fish soup tasted better than usual. Dad asked where I learned to choose fruit, and I smiled. Next Saturday, I want to go to the market again, this time with an apron and a longer shopping list.

§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation

Last Saturday, my mother asked me to buy some fruit and rice for dinner because she was busy with work.

上星期六,妈妈因为工作很忙,叫我去买些生果同米回来煮晚饭。

I took an umbrella and a shopping bag and walked to the wet market near the estate.

我拿了把伞同一个购物袋,走去屋苑附近的街市。

The sky was grey, but the market was full of life.

天色灰灰的,但街市里面很热闹。

An old fish seller gave me good advice about fresh fish, and I thanked him politely.

一位卖鱼的伯伯教了我怎样挑选新鲜鱼,我很有礼貌地多谢他。

The children near the fruit stall were laughing at a little mouse, and even the stall owner was smiling.

水果档附近的小朋友笑著看一只小老鼠,连档主都跟著笑。

I bought ten apples, a bag of rice, some milk and a bunch of vegetables.

我买了十个苹果、一袋米、一些牛奶同一扎菜。

The apples cost thirty dollars, and the rice was on special offer.

那些苹果要三十元,米就正在做特价。

I also bought a small cake for my grandmother because she loves sweets.

我还买了一个小蛋糕给奶奶,因为她最喜欢吃甜东西。

On the way home, I met my classmate Kevin under an umbrella that looked exactly like mine.

回家途中,我遇到同学 Kevin,他的伞同我那把一模一样。

We laughed, and we talked about our homework.

我们笑了一轮,还聊了功课的事。

He had much homework too, so we did it together at his flat while the rain fell outside.

他也有很多功课,所以我们在他家一起做,外面下著雨。

That evening, our whole family ate a delicious dinner, and I felt proud because I helped.

那晚全家人吃了一顿好味的晚饭,我因为帮了忙而觉得很自豪。

Mum said the fish soup tasted better than usual.

妈妈说那锅鱼汤比平时更好味。

Dad asked where I learned to choose fruit, and I smiled.

爸爸问我在哪里学会选生果,我笑了笑没有答。

Next Saturday, I want to go to the market again, this time with an apron and a longer shopping list.

下个星期六我想再去街市,这次还要带围裙同一份更长的购物清单。

1重点摘要 Summary

可数名词有单众数、可以配 a/an;不可数名词不得。第一次提用 a/an,讲明是哪个就用 the。

2生字卡 Vocabulary

N
Noun名词

人/事/物。

A
Article冠词

A, an, the。

C
Countable可数

One book, two books。

U
Uncountable不可数

Water, money。

P
Plural复数

加 -s。

V
Vowel元音

A e i o u。

C
Consonant辅音

其他字母。

I
Irregular plural不规则复数

Man-men, child-children。

3逐步讲解 Steps

  1. a/an看音不看字母:an apple、an umbrella(元音音开头);a bag、a university(辅音音)。举个例子:I took an umbrella and a shopping bag.快测自己:an hour(h 不发音)✔、a European trip(Eu 读 ju)✔——跟读音不跟字母,例子背两个就够。
  2. the特指、第二次提、大家都知:The sky was grey, but the market was full of life.——大家知你讲哪个 market 先用 the.首次提用 a/an、再次提用 the:I saw a cat. The cat was sleeping——故事写作就是这样引出主角。
  3. 复数一般加 -s:ten apples;-es:box → boxes;不规则:child → children、mouse → mice(课文有 a little mouse)、man → men、sheep → sheep.
  4. 可数不可数可数加 -s:ten apples、two shops;不可数不加 -s、不配 a/an:some rice、some milk。举个例子:I bought a bag of rice and some milk.不可数要量词包装:a piece of advice、two cups of tea——不可以讲 an advice,考试常设这陷阱。
  5. 量词片语不可数名词要靠量词:a bag of rice 一袋米 · a bunch of vegetables 一扎菜 · a piece of advice——个 fish seller gave me good advice.
  6. 零冠词上学 go to school(不加 the)、吃晚餐 have dinner:Our whole family ate a delicious dinner. 想吓为什么 school 前面没有 the.
  7. 课文应用拿课文句做检查:an old fish seller、a bunch of vegetables、the children near the fruit stall——为什么分别用 a / an / the?

4图解 Diagrams

课题概念图Nouns and Articles 名词与冠词1a/an重点 Focus详细内容见下方2the重点 Focus详细内容见下方3复数重点 Focus详细内容见下方核心词语名词 Noun · 冠词 Article · 可数 Countable · 不可数 Uncountab…
课题概念图 · 中英对照 bilingual

5例题示范 Example

根据课文,解释为什么是 I took an umbrella and a shopping bag,但是 The sky was grey 要用 the。

  1. 第一步:第一次提、可数单数 → a / an——an umbrella(元音音开头)、a shopping bag(辅音开头)。
  2. 第二步:讲明是哪个 → the——The sky was grey(大家都抬头见到那个天)。
  3. 第三步:不可数名词 → 不加 a/an,用 some——Mum asked me to buy some fruit and rice.
  4. 第四步:可数众数可以直接数——ten apples、The children near the fruit stall.
  5. 第五步:量词片语记熟——a bag of rice 一袋米、a bunch of vegetables 一扎菜。
  6. 答案:an umbrella(u 读元音音)、a shopping bag(辅音开头)——第一次提及用 a/an。The sky 是特定那个天,所以用 the。不可数的 fruit、rice、milk 要用 some,不可以讲 a rice 或者 an information。数得到的可以写 ten apples,或者用量词:a bag of rice、a bunch of vegetables。

6常见错误 Mistakes

✗ a apple
✓ an apple
✗ I go to the school.
✓ I go to school.
✗ many informations
✓ much information
✗ two sheeps
✓ two sheep

75 题快测 Quick check

Q1Which article before "apple"?

Q2Which article before "book"?

Q3Is "water" countable?

Q4Plural of "child"?

Q5Plural of "man"?

8重点回顾 Recap

  • a + 辅音音 · an + 元音音:an apple、an hour;但 a university、a European city
  • the = 讲明是哪个:第二次提及、大家都知的东西
  • 不可数名词:water、rice、information——不加 -s、不配 a/an,用 some
  • 量词片语:a bag of rice 一袋米 · a bunch of vegetables 一扎菜
  • 不规则众数:child → children · mouse → mice(课文有 a little mouse)

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