Present Simple 現在簡單式
基礎he/she/it 加 s。
- 習慣和事實用一般現在式。
- he / she / it 動詞加 s：gets、goes、watches、has。
- 否定：don't / doesn't + 原形。
文體小知識：Habits and facts.
§課文原文 Passage
1My grandfather is seventy years old, but he is very healthy because of his good habits. He always gets up at six o'clock every day. He never uses an alarm clock because his body knows the time. Then he usually does tai chi in the park for an hour. He says the morning air is the best medicine.
2After breakfast, he often walks to the market and buys fresh vegetables. He knows every shopkeeper there by name. He sometimes drinks tea with his old friends in the afternoon, and they talk about everything under the sun. Grandpa never eats junk food and never goes to bed late. He also reads newspapers to keep his mind active.
3Words like 'always' and 'never' tell us how often we do things, so we call them adverbs of frequency. They usually go before the main verb, as in 'He often walks to the market.' Grandpa says, 'A good habit is your best friend.' I want to be like him when I am old. So now I make my bed every day and drink water instead of soft drinks. Good habits start small.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
My grandfather is seventy years old, but he is very healthy because of his good habits.
我爺爺七十歲，但因為有好習慣，身體很健康。
He always gets up at six o'clock every day.
他每天都六點起床。
He never uses an alarm clock because his body knows the time.
他從來不用鬧鐘，因為他身體自己知道時間。
Then he usually does tai chi in the park for an hour.
接著他通常會在公園打一小時太極。
He says the morning air is the best medicine.
他說早晨的空氣就是最好的藥。
After breakfast, he often walks to the market and buys fresh vegetables.
吃完早餐，他常常步行去街市買新鮮蔬菜。
He knows every shopkeeper there by name.
街市每個檔主的名字他都叫得出。
He sometimes drinks tea with his old friends in the afternoon, and they talk about everything under the sun.
有時下午他會同老朋友喝茶，什麼都聊一聊。
Grandpa never eats junk food and never goes to bed late.
爺爺從來不吃垃圾食物，晚上又不會很晚才睡。
He also reads newspapers to keep his mind active.
他還會看報紙，令自己頭腦保持活躍。
Words like 'always' and 'never' tell us how often we do things, so we call them adverbs of frequency.
像 'always' 同 'never' 這些詞，告訴我們事情發生的頻率，所以叫做頻率副詞。
They usually go before the main verb, as in 'He often walks to the market.'
它們通常放在動詞前面，例如 'He often walks to the market.'。
Grandpa says, 'A good habit is your best friend.'
爺爺說：'A good habit is your best friend.'（好習慣就是你最好的朋友。）
I want to be like him when I am old.
我年老時也想成為他那樣的人。
So now I make my bed every day and drink water instead of soft drinks.
所以我現在每天都整理牀鋪，還用清水代替汽水。
Good habits start small.
好習慣從小處開始。
1重點摘要 Summary
he/she/it 加 s。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
習慣。
頻率。
總是。
通常。
經常。
有時。
從不。
每日。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 結構現在簡單式的結構是主詞加動詞原形，主詞是 he、she 或 it 時，動詞要加 s 或 es。例句：I play football. He plays football. 提示：第三人稱單數加 s 是這個時式的核心規則，寫句前先看清主詞。
- 用法現在簡單式用於習慣、事實與時間表。例句：The sun rises in the east. The train leaves at seven. 提示：只要是經常發生的動作或永恆不變的事實，都用這個時式，不要誤用進行式。
- 頻率副詞常用頻率副詞有 always、usually、often、sometimes、never，程度由最高到最低。例句：She usually walks to school. 提示：頻率副詞與現在簡單式最配，寫作時選一個貼切的詞即可，不必幾個一起堆砌。
- 時間詞常見時間詞有 every day、on Mondays、in the morning、at weekends。例句：I go to the library on Saturdays. 提示：every 後用單數名詞，如 every day；on 加星期，at 加週末與時刻，介詞搭配要記牢。
- 否定式否定式用 do not（don't）或 does not（doesn't）加動詞原形。例句：I do not like coffee. He does not like coffee. 易錯位：用了 does not 之後，動詞要還原成原形，不可說 doesn't likes，這是最常見的錯誤。
- 頻率副詞位置頻率副詞放在主要動詞之前、be 動詞之後。例句：He always gets up at six. He is always happy. 提示：記住動詞之前、be 之後這個位置規則，位置錯了句子聽起來會很不自然。
4圖解 Diagrams
5例題示範 Example
問題：怎樣用一般現在式描述爺爺的健康習慣？要用頻率詞、第三人稱單數以及否定式把習慣說完整。
- 第一步：習慣用現在式，第三人稱加 s — He always gets up at six o'clock. 主詞是 he，所以 get 要寫成 gets。
- 第二步：加入頻率詞強調從不 — He never uses an alarm clock. never 語氣強，放在動詞 uses 之前。
- 第三步：留意加 s 或 es 的拼寫 — go 變 goes，watch 變 watches，have 變 has。以 s、ch、sh 結尾的動詞加 es。
- 第四步：用 because of 說出原因 — He is healthy because of his good habits. because of 之後加名詞，because 之後加完整句子。
- 第五步：以否定式說出壞習慣 — He does not eat junk food. does not 之後用原形 eat，不可說 does not eats。
- 答案：示範答案：My grandfather always gets up at six o'clock. He never uses an alarm clock, and he does not eat junk food. He is very healthy because of his good habits. 全段動詞都按第三人稱單數變形，頻率詞與否定式配合，習慣描述便十分完整。
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
76 題快測 Quick check
Q1現在簡單式用途？
Q2he/she/it 後動詞？
Q3否定句用什麼？
Q4「She ___ (go) to school」？
Q5頻率副詞位置？
Q6「I ___ (not like) fish」？
8重點回顧 Recap
- 習慣和事實用一般現在式。
- he / she / it 動詞加 s：gets、goes、watches、has。
- 否定：don't / doesn't + 原形。
- 提問：Do you...? / Does he...?
- 頻率詞：always > usually > often > sometimes > never，放動詞前。