Past Simple 過去簡單式
基礎規則加 ed，不規則要背。
- 過去時間詞（last week、yesterday）配過去式。
- 規則動詞加 ed：started、cheered、played。
- 常見不規則：go→went、see→saw、eat→ate、run→ran、win→won。
文體小知識：Actions finished in the past.
§課文原文 Passage
1Last week, our school held a sports day on the playground. The weather was sunny and cool, so everyone was excited. The races started at nine o'clock, and the whole playground was noisy and bright. Two years ago, I was too shy to join any race. I sat under a tree and watched the others run. I promised myself that I would be braver one day.
2But this year, I joined the 100-metre race and ran as fast as I could. My legs hurt, but I did not stop. I finished third and won a small medal! My classmates cheered and clapped for me. My teacher said, 'You were great today!'
3After the races, we ate sandwiches and drank juice on the grass. We played word games and laughed a lot. Yesterday, I wrote a diary about that wonderful day, and I used many past tense verbs. Did you know that 'run' is an irregular verb, while 'finish' is a regular one? Sports day was the happiest day of this term. I will practise harder and do better next year.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Last week, our school held a sports day on the playground.
上星期，學校在操場舉行了運動會。
The weather was sunny and cool, so everyone was excited.
當日天晴又涼爽，個個都很興奮。
The races started at nine o'clock, and the whole playground was noisy and bright.
比賽九點開始，整個操場又吵又熱鬧。
Two years ago, I was too shy to join any race.
兩年前，我太害羞，不敢參加任何比賽。
I sat under a tree and watched the others run.
我只是坐在樹下，看着其他人跑。
I promised myself that I would be braver one day.
我對自己說，總有一天要勇敢些。
But this year, I joined the 100-metre race and ran as fast as I could.
但今年，我參加了一百米賽跑，拼盡全力地跑。
My legs hurt, but I did not stop.
我雙腳很痛，但沒有停下來。
I finished third and won a small medal!
我拿了第三名，還贏了一枚小小的獎牌！
My classmates cheered and clapped for me.
同學們個個為我歡呼拍手。
My teacher said, 'You were great today!'
老師說：'You were great today!'（你今日很棒！）
After the races, we ate sandwiches and drank juice on the grass.
比賽之後，我們坐在草地吃三文治、喝果汁。
We played word games and laughed a lot.
我們玩文字遊戲，笑個不停。
Yesterday, I wrote a diary about that wonderful day, and I used many past tense verbs.
昨天我寫了篇日記，記下那美好的一天，裡面用了很多過去式動詞。
Did you know that 'run' is an irregular verb, while 'finish' is a regular one?
你知不知道 'run' 是不規則動詞，而 'finish' 就是規則動詞？
Sports day was the happiest day of this term.
運動會是這個學期最開心的一日。
I will practise harder and do better next year.
明年我會練得更加勤，做得更加好。
1重點摘要 Summary
規則加 ed，不規則要背。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
昨日。
上星期。
以前。
is/am 過去。
are 過去。
規則動詞。
不規則動詞。
完成。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 結構過去簡單式表示過去發生並已完成的動作，結構是主詞加動詞過去式。例句：We visited the museum last Sunday. 提示：句中通常有 yesterday、last week、in 2020 等過去時間詞，看到它們便應採用過去式。
- 規則規則動詞的變化：一般加 ed，如 helped；以 e 結尾只加 d，如 liked；輔音加 y 結尾，把 y 改成 ied，如 studied。例句：She studied hard last night. 提示：重讀閉音節要雙寫尾字母，如 stop 變 stopped。
- 不規則不規則動詞要逐個記牢：go 變 went，see 變 saw，eat 變 ate，take 變 took。例句：I went to the park and saw my friends. 提示：不規則動詞不可加 ed，誤寫 goed、eated 是常見錯誤，多朗讀課文有助記憶。
- 否定與疑問否定與疑問用 did 加原形：否定是 did not（didn't）加原形，疑問把 Did 放句首。例句：I did not go to school yesterday. Did you finish your homework? 提示：用了 did，後面的動詞一律用原形。
- 提問式用 Did 提問，簡短回答用 Yes, I did 或 No, I didn't。例句：Did you enjoy the races? Yes, I did. 提示：問句與簡短回答中的 did 已承擔過去式，只有完整回答才把動詞變回過去式，例如 I enjoyed them very much。
- was / werebe 動詞的過去式分兩種：主詞單數用 was，主詞複數用 were。例句：The weather was sunny. The races were exciting. 易錯位：you 與 we、they 一樣配 were，即使指一個人也說 you were，不可說 you was。
4圖解 Diagrams
5例題示範 Example
問題：怎樣用過去簡單式寫運動會當日的事？要交代時間、天氣、規則與不規則動詞，以及感受收結。
- 第一步：開頭交代時間 — Last week, our school held a sports day. last week 是過去時間詞，held 是 hold 的不規則過去式。
- 第二步：用 was 或 were 寫天氣 — The weather was sunny and cool. weather 是單數，所以用 was。
- 第三步：規則動詞加 ed — The races started at nine o'clock. We cheered loudly. started 與 cheered 都是規則變化。
- 第四步：不規則動詞逐個記 — I ran in the relay and won a medal. ran 是 run 的過去式，won 是 win 的過去式。
- 第五步：以感受收結 — It was the best day of the term. best 是最高級，一句總結全日的興奮。
- 答案：示範答案：Last week, our school held a sports day. The weather was sunny, and the races started at nine. I ran in the relay and won a small medal. Everyone cheered. It was the best day of the term. 全段動詞都用過去式，時間、天氣、事件與感受交代齊全。
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
76 題快測 Quick check
Q1過去簡單式用途？
Q2規則動詞加什麼？
Q3「I ___ (walk) to school」？
Q4go 過去式？
Q5否定用什麼？
Q6時間詞？
8重點回顧 Recap
- 過去時間詞（last week、yesterday）配過去式。
- 規則動詞加 ed：started、cheered、played。
- 常見不規則：go→went、see→saw、eat→ate、run→ran、win→won。
- 否定和提問用 did，後面還原形：didn't go、Did you go?
- was 配單數，were 配眾數。