Past Simple 过去简单式
基础规则加 ed，不规则要背。
- 过去时间词（last week、yesterday）配过去式。
- 规则动词加 ed：started、cheered、played。
- 常见不规则：go→went、see→saw、eat→ate、run→ran、win→won。
文体小知识：Actions finished in the past.
§课文原文 Passage
1Last week, our school held a sports day on the playground. The weather was sunny and cool, so everyone was excited. The races started at nine o'clock, and the whole playground was noisy and bright. Two years ago, I was too shy to join any race. I sat under a tree and watched the others run. I promised myself that I would be braver one day.
2But this year, I joined the 100-metre race and ran as fast as I could. My legs hurt, but I did not stop. I finished third and won a small medal! My classmates cheered and clapped for me. My teacher said, 'You were great today!'
3After the races, we ate sandwiches and drank juice on the grass. We played word games and laughed a lot. Yesterday, I wrote a diary about that wonderful day, and I used many past tense verbs. Did you know that 'run' is an irregular verb, while 'finish' is a regular one? Sports day was the happiest day of this term. I will practise harder and do better next year.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Last week, our school held a sports day on the playground.
上星期，学校在操场举行了运动会。
The weather was sunny and cool, so everyone was excited.
当日天晴又凉爽，个个都很兴奋。
The races started at nine o'clock, and the whole playground was noisy and bright.
比赛九点开始，整个操场又吵又热闹。
Two years ago, I was too shy to join any race.
两年前，我太害羞，不敢参加任何比赛。
I sat under a tree and watched the others run.
我只是坐在树下，看着其他人跑。
I promised myself that I would be braver one day.
我对自己说，总有一天要勇敢些。
But this year, I joined the 100-metre race and ran as fast as I could.
但今年，我参加了一百米赛跑，拼尽全力地跑。
My legs hurt, but I did not stop.
我双脚很痛，但没有停下来。
I finished third and won a small medal!
我拿了第三名，还赢了一枚小小的奖牌！
My classmates cheered and clapped for me.
同学们个个为我欢呼拍手。
My teacher said, 'You were great today!'
老师说：'You were great today!'（你今日很棒！）
After the races, we ate sandwiches and drank juice on the grass.
比赛之后，我们坐在草地吃三文治、喝果汁。
We played word games and laughed a lot.
我们玩文字游戏，笑个不停。
Yesterday, I wrote a diary about that wonderful day, and I used many past tense verbs.
昨天我写了篇日记，记下那美好的一天，里面用了很多过去式动词。
Did you know that 'run' is an irregular verb, while 'finish' is a regular one?
你知不知道 'run' 是不规则动词，而 'finish' 就是规则动词？
Sports day was the happiest day of this term.
运动会是这个学期最开心的一日。
I will practise harder and do better next year.
明年我会练得更加勤，做得更加好。
1重点摘要 Summary
规则加 ed，不规则要背。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
昨日。
上星期。
以前。
is/am 过去。
are 过去。
规则动词。
不规则动词。
完成。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 结构过去简单式表示过去发生并已完成的动作，结构是主词加动词过去式。例句：We visited the museum last Sunday. 提示：句中通常有 yesterday、last week、in 2020 等过去时间词，看到它们便应采用过去式。
- 规则规则动词的变化：一般加 ed，如 helped；以 e 结尾只加 d，如 liked；辅音加 y 结尾，把 y 改成 ied，如 studied。例句：She studied hard last night. 提示：重读闭音节要双写尾字母，如 stop 变 stopped。
- 不规则不规则动词要逐个记牢：go 变 went，see 变 saw，eat 变 ate，take 变 took。例句：I went to the park and saw my friends. 提示：不规则动词不可加 ed，误写 goed、eated 是常见错误，多朗读课文有助记忆。
- 否定与疑问否定与疑问用 did 加原形：否定是 did not（didn't）加原形，疑问把 Did 放句首。例句：I did not go to school yesterday. Did you finish your homework? 提示：用了 did，后面的动词一律用原形。
- 提问式用 Did 提问，简短回答用 Yes, I did 或 No, I didn't。例句：Did you enjoy the races? Yes, I did. 提示：问句与简短回答中的 did 已承担过去式，只有完整回答才把动词变回过去式，例如 I enjoyed them very much。
- was / werebe 动词的过去式分两种：主词单数用 was，主词复数用 were。例句：The weather was sunny. The races were exciting. 易错位：you 与 we、they 一样配 were，即使指一个人也说 you were，不可说 you was。
4图解 Diagrams
5例题示范 Example
问题：怎样用过去简单式写运动会当日的事？要交代时间、天气、规则与不规则动词，以及感受收结。
- 第一步：开头交代时间 — Last week, our school held a sports day. last week 是过去时间词，held 是 hold 的不规则过去式。
- 第二步：用 was 或 were 写天气 — The weather was sunny and cool. weather 是单数，所以用 was。
- 第三步：规则动词加 ed — The races started at nine o'clock. We cheered loudly. started 与 cheered 都是规则变化。
- 第四步：不规则动词逐个记 — I ran in the relay and won a medal. ran 是 run 的过去式，won 是 win 的过去式。
- 第五步：以感受收结 — It was the best day of the term. best 是最高级，一句总结全日的兴奋。
- 答案：示范答案：Last week, our school held a sports day. The weather was sunny, and the races started at nine. I ran in the relay and won a small medal. Everyone cheered. It was the best day of the term. 全段动词都用过去式，时间、天气、事件与感受交代齐全。
6常见错误 Mistakes
76 题快测 Quick check
Q1过去简单式用途？
Q2规则动词加什么？
Q3「I ___ (walk) to school」？
Q4go 过去式？
Q5否定用什么？
Q6时间词？
8重点回顾 Recap
- 过去时间词（last week、yesterday）配过去式。
- 规则动词加 ed：started、cheered、played。
- 常见不规则：go→went、see→saw、eat→ate、run→ran、win→won。
- 否定和提问用 did，后面还原形：didn't go、Did you go?
- was 配单数，were 配众数。