Writing Instructions 指示
基礎用祈使句。
- 指示文結構:材料(You need...)→ 步驟 → 結尾(Enjoy!)。
- 步驟詞:First → Then → Next → Finally。
- 每步用祈使句原形開頭:Cut、Add、Mix、Wait。
文體小知識:Step by step.
§課文原文 Passage
1How to Make a Fruit Salad
2Today, let me show you how to make a fruit salad. It is easy, healthy and yummy. You do not need a stove, so it is a good job for young cooks. A fruit salad is a great snack for a hot summer day. It only takes twenty minutes. Making it is fun. Just follow my simple steps.
3First, wash your hands and get a big bowl. Second, you need an apple, a banana, an orange and some grapes. Wash all the fruit carefully with clean water. Then, peel the banana and the orange. Next, cut the fruit into small pieces. Be careful with the knife! After that, put all the pieces into the bowl.
4Then mix them all with a big spoon. Finally, add some yogurt or honey on top. You can also add other fruit you like, such as strawberries. Put the bowl in the fridge for ten minutes. Everyone in my family loves it, and yours will too. I hope you like this recipe. Now, enjoy your yummy fruit salad!
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
How to Make a Fruit Salad
如何製作水果沙律
Today, let me show you how to make a fruit salad.
今天讓我教你整水果沙律。
It is easy, healthy and yummy.
又簡單、又健康、又好吃。
You do not need a stove, so it is a good job for young cooks.
不需要用煮食爐,好適合年紀小的小廚師。
A fruit salad is a great snack for a hot summer day.
生果沙律是炎熱夏日的絕佳小食。
It only takes twenty minutes.
只需要二十分鐘。
Making it is fun.
整的過程好好玩。
Just follow my simple steps.
跟著我幾個簡單步驟做就可以。
First, wash your hands and get a big bowl.
首先,把雙手洗乾淨,拿一個大碗。
Second, you need an apple, a banana, an orange and some grapes.
第二,你要準備一個蘋果、一條香蕉、一個橙同一些提子。
Wash all the fruit carefully with clean water.
用清水小心沖洗所有水果。
Then, peel the banana and the orange.
接著剝香蕉皮同橙皮。
Next, cut the fruit into small pieces.
之後將水果切成小塊。
Be careful with the knife!
用刀要小心!
After that, put all the pieces into the bowl.
然後將所有水果放入大碗裡。
Then mix them all with a big spoon.
接著用大湯匙把它們全部拌勻。
Finally, add some yogurt or honey on top.
最後加一些乳酪或者蜜糖在上面。
You can also add other fruit you like, such as strawberries.
還可以加一些自己喜歡的水果,例如士多啤梨。
Put the bowl in the fridge for ten minutes.
將碗放入雪櫃冷藏十分鐘。
Everyone in my family loves it, and yours will too.
我家個個都喜歡吃,你家人也一定會喜歡。
I hope you like this recipe.
希望你喜歡這個食譜。
Now, enjoy your yummy fruit salad!
現在,慢慢享受你的美味生果沙律!
1重點摘要 Summary
用祈使句。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
首先。
然後。
接著。
最後。
你需要。
步驟。
混合。
加。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 材料指示文的開頭列出需要的材料,常用句式是 You need 加名詞列表。例句:You need: apples, bananas, grapes and yogurt. 要注意多的名詞並列時,用 and 連接最後一項,其餘用逗號分隔;如果材料有數量要求,可以在名詞前加上數字或量詞,例如 two apples、a bottle of milk,這樣讀者就能一次備齊全部材料。
- 步驟指示文的步驟要用次序詞串連:First(首先)、Then(然後)、Next(接著)、Finally(最後)。例句:First, wash the rice. Finally, serve it in a bowl. 要注意次序詞放在句首,後面用逗號隔開;步驟的排列必須符合實際操作的先後,順序錯了指示就無法完成;Finally 只能用在最後一步,之前用 Then 與 Next 交替,避免重複單調。
- 動詞指示句的動詞用原形開頭,例如:Cut the apples. Mix the fruit. 要注意這是祈使句的特點:省略主語 you,直接以動詞開頭;動詞不加 s、不加 ing,也不加 to,例如不能說 To cut the apples;每一步只用一個主要動詞,動作才夠清晰;寫作時先想清楚每一步的動作,再選擇準確的動詞來表達。
- 結尾指示文的結尾常用簡短的祝福或提示,例如:Enjoy! Done! Let it cool. 要注意結尾句可以是一個詞加感嘆號,也可以是一句提醒,例如 Wait for five minutes;感嘆號能帶出輕鬆愉快的語氣;結尾之後整篇指示就完成了,不必再加解釋;一份完整的指示包括材料、步驟與結尾三個部分,缺一不可。
- 祈使句開頭祈使句以動詞原形開頭,例如:Add the water. 要注意不能寫成 You add the water,指示文講求簡潔,省略主語是慣例;如果想讓語氣更客氣,可以在句首或句尾加 please,例如 Please add the water.;祈使句的否定形式用 Don't 開頭,例如 Don't touch the hot pan;掌握這幾種形式,寫出來的指示才符合格式要求。
- 寫完實測寫完指示後要實際檢驗:請同學按照你寫的步驟做一次,做得出就合格,做不出就要修改。例句:Ask a classmate to follow your instructions. 要注意檢驗時找出看不懂或有缺漏的步驟,例如漏了切水果的環節,整個流程就會卡住;修改時補上缺失的次序詞或動詞;這種實測能發現自己察覺不到的問題,是提高說明文質量的有效方法。
5例題示範 Example
問題:怎樣一步一步寫出製作水果沙律的指示?
- 第一步:列出材料,用 You need 開頭,例如:You need: apples, bananas, grapes and yogurt.
- 第二步:用 First 寫出第一個步驟,例如:First, wash the fruit.
- 第三步:用 Then 與 Next 寫中段步驟,一個動作一句,例如:Then cut the apples and bananas. Next, mix the fruit in a big bowl.
- 第四步:用 Finally 寫最後一個步驟,例如:Finally, add the yogurt and mix again.
- 第五步:加上結尾句,帶出愉快的語氣,例如:Enjoy your fruit salad!
- 答案:示範答案:You need: apples, bananas, grapes and yogurt.
First, wash the fruit. Then cut the apples and bananas. Next, mix the fruit in a big bowl. Finally, add the yogurt and mix again. Enjoy your fruit salad!
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
76 題快測 Quick check
Q1指示用什麼時態?
Q2順序詞?
Q3點寫第一步?
Q4需要什麼?
Q5祈使句例子?
Q6結尾?
8重點回顧 Recap
- 指示文結構:材料(You need...)→ 步驟 → 結尾(Enjoy!)。
- 步驟詞:First → Then → Next → Finally。
- 每步用祈使句原形開頭:Cut、Add、Mix、Wait。
- 次序不可以調轉,份量要寫清楚。
- 寫完找人跟一次做測試。