Writing Instructions 指示
基础用祈使句。
- 指示文结构：材料（You need...）→ 步骤 → 结尾（Enjoy!）。
- 步骤词：First → Then → Next → Finally。
- 每步用祈使句原形开头：Cut、Add、Mix、Wait。
文体小知识：Step by step.
§课文原文 Passage
1How to Make a Fruit Salad
2Today, let me show you how to make a fruit salad. It is easy, healthy and yummy. You do not need a stove, so it is a good job for young cooks. A fruit salad is a great snack for a hot summer day. It only takes twenty minutes. Making it is fun. Just follow my simple steps.
3First, wash your hands and get a big bowl. Second, you need an apple, a banana, an orange and some grapes. Wash all the fruit carefully with clean water. Then, peel the banana and the orange. Next, cut the fruit into small pieces. Be careful with the knife! After that, put all the pieces into the bowl.
4Then mix them all with a big spoon. Finally, add some yogurt or honey on top. You can also add other fruit you like, such as strawberries. Put the bowl in the fridge for ten minutes. Everyone in my family loves it, and yours will too. I hope you like this recipe. Now, enjoy your yummy fruit salad!
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
How to Make a Fruit Salad
如何制作水果沙律
Today, let me show you how to make a fruit salad.
今天让我教你整水果沙律。
It is easy, healthy and yummy.
又简单、又健康、又好吃。
You do not need a stove, so it is a good job for young cooks.
不需要用煮食炉，好适合年纪小的小厨师。
A fruit salad is a great snack for a hot summer day.
生果沙律是炎热夏日的绝佳小食。
It only takes twenty minutes.
只需要二十分钟。
Making it is fun.
整的过程好好玩。
Just follow my simple steps.
跟著我几个简单步骤做就可以。
First, wash your hands and get a big bowl.
首先，把双手洗干净，拿一个大碗。
Second, you need an apple, a banana, an orange and some grapes.
第二，你要准备一个苹果、一条香蕉、一个橙同一些提子。
Wash all the fruit carefully with clean water.
用清水小心冲洗所有水果。
Then, peel the banana and the orange.
接著剥香蕉皮同橙皮。
Next, cut the fruit into small pieces.
之后将水果切成小块。
Be careful with the knife!
用刀要小心！
After that, put all the pieces into the bowl.
然后将所有水果放入大碗里。
Then mix them all with a big spoon.
接著用大汤匙把它们全部拌匀。
Finally, add some yogurt or honey on top.
最后加一些乳酪或者蜜糖在上面。
You can also add other fruit you like, such as strawberries.
还可以加一些自己喜欢的水果，例如士多啤梨。
Put the bowl in the fridge for ten minutes.
将碗放入雪柜冷藏十分钟。
Everyone in my family loves it, and yours will too.
我家个个都喜欢吃，你家人也一定会喜欢。
I hope you like this recipe.
希望你喜欢这个食谱。
Now, enjoy your yummy fruit salad!
现在，慢慢享受你的美味生果沙律！
1重点摘要 Summary
用祈使句。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
首先。
然后。
接著。
最后。
你需要。
步骤。
混合。
加。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 材料指示文的开头列出需要的材料，常用句式是 You need 加名词列表。例句：You need: apples, bananas, grapes and yogurt. 要注意多的名词并列时，用 and 连接最后一项，其余用逗号分隔；如果材料有数量要求，可以在名词前加上数字或量词，例如 two apples、a bottle of milk，这样读者就能一次备齐全部材料。
- 步骤指示文的步骤要用次序词串连：First（首先）、Then（然后）、Next（接著）、Finally（最后）。例句：First, wash the rice. Finally, serve it in a bowl. 要注意次序词放在句首，后面用逗号隔开；步骤的排列必须符合实际操作的先后，顺序错了指示就无法完成；Finally 只能用在最后一步，之前用 Then 与 Next 交替，避免重复单调。
- 动词指示句的动词用原形开头，例如：Cut the apples. Mix the fruit. 要注意这是祈使句的特点：省略主语 you，直接以动词开头；动词不加 s、不加 ing，也不加 to，例如不能说 To cut the apples；每一步只用一个主要动词，动作才够清晰；写作时先想清楚每一步的动作，再选择准确的动词来表达。
- 结尾指示文的结尾常用简短的祝福或提示，例如：Enjoy! Done! Let it cool. 要注意结尾句可以是一个词加感叹号，也可以是一句提醒，例如 Wait for five minutes；感叹号能带出轻松愉快的语气；结尾之后整篇指示就完成了，不必再加解释；一份完整的指示包括材料、步骤与结尾三个部分，缺一不可。
- 祈使句开头祈使句以动词原形开头，例如：Add the water. 要注意不能写成 You add the water，指示文讲求简洁，省略主语是惯例；如果想让语气更客气，可以在句首或句尾加 please，例如 Please add the water.；祈使句的否定形式用 Don't 开头，例如 Don't touch the hot pan；掌握这几种形式，写出来的指示才符合格式要求。
- 写完实测写完指示后要实际检验：请同学按照你写的步骤做一次，做得出就合格，做不出就要修改。例句：Ask a classmate to follow your instructions. 要注意检验时找出看不懂或有缺漏的步骤，例如漏了切水果的环节，整个流程就会卡住；修改时补上缺失的次序词或动词；这种实测能发现自己察觉不到的问题，是提高说明文质量的有效方法。
5例题示范 Example
问题：怎样一步一步写出制作水果沙律的指示？
- 第一步：列出材料，用 You need 开头，例如：You need: apples, bananas, grapes and yogurt.
- 第二步：用 First 写出第一个步骤，例如：First, wash the fruit.
- 第三步：用 Then 与 Next 写中段步骤，一个动作一句，例如：Then cut the apples and bananas. Next, mix the fruit in a big bowl.
- 第四步：用 Finally 写最后一个步骤，例如：Finally, add the yogurt and mix again.
- 第五步：加上结尾句，带出愉快的语气，例如：Enjoy your fruit salad!
- 答案：示范答案：You need: apples, bananas, grapes and yogurt.
First, wash the fruit. Then cut the apples and bananas. Next, mix the fruit in a big bowl. Finally, add the yogurt and mix again. Enjoy your fruit salad!
6常见错误 Mistakes
76 题快测 Quick check
Q1指示用什么时态？
Q2顺序词？
Q3点写第一步？
Q4需要什么？
Q5祈使句例子？
Q6结尾？
8重点回顾 Recap
- 指示文结构：材料（You need...）→ 步骤 → 结尾（Enjoy!）。
- 步骤词：First → Then → Next → Finally。
- 每步用祈使句原形开头：Cut、Add、Mix、Wait。
- 次序不可以调转，份量要写清楚。
- 写完找人跟一次做测试。