Expository Writing 说明文写作
进阶说明文要讲清楚 how / why：一句 topic sentence，加 first / next / finally 等次序字，再有事实或例子。
- 说明文结构：topic sentence → First / Second / Third + 理由例子 → In conclusion
- 每个理由配一个例子：For example, I met two good friends in the Photography Club.
- 讲清楚 how / why，不要斋讲『好』——club 教你 think carefully、speak with confidence
文体小知识：One idea per paragraph, with evidence.
§课文原文 Passage
1Why Students Should Join School Clubs
2Joining a school club is one of the best ways to enjoy secondary school life. First, clubs help students make new friends outside their own class. For example, I met two good friends in the Photography Club last year, and we still take pictures together every month. Second, clubs teach useful skills that lessons do not always cover. A member of the Chess Club learns to think carefully, and a member of the Drama Club learns to speak with confidence. Last term, our club held a photo exhibition, and more than two hundred students visited it. These skills help us in interviews and in daily life. Finally, clubs give students something to look forward to after school, so we study harder during lessons.
3Of course, students should not join too many clubs, or they will have no time for homework. One or two clubs are enough. Choose a club that matches your interest, attend the meetings regularly and help your teammates when they need you. Remember, secondary school is the best time to try new things, because mistakes do not cost much.
4In conclusion, school clubs bring us friendship, skills and fun. Every student should join at least one club this year.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Why Students Should Join School Clubs
为什么学生应该参加学校学会
Joining a school club is one of the best ways to enjoy secondary school life.
参加学校学会是享受中学生活最好的方法之一。
First, clubs help students make new friends outside their own class.
第一，学会可以帮同学认识班以外的新朋友。
For example, I met two good friends in the Photography Club last year, and we still take pictures together every month.
例如我去年在摄影学会认识了两个好朋友，到现在我们每个月还会一起拍照。
Second, clubs teach useful skills that lessons do not always cover.
第二，学会会教一些课堂未必学到的实用技能。
A member of the Chess Club learns to think carefully, and a member of the Drama Club learns to speak with confidence.
棋艺学会的成员学会深思熟虑，戏剧学会的成员就学会自信地表达。
Last term, our club held a photo exhibition, and more than two hundred students visited it.
上个学期，我们学会举办了一个摄影展，有超过二百个同学来参观。
These skills help us in interviews and in daily life.
这些技能在面试同日常生活都很有用。
Finally, clubs give students something to look forward to after school, so we study harder during lessons.
最后，学会令同学放学后有些期待，所以我们上课都会更用心。
Of course, students should not join too many clubs, or they will have no time for homework.
当然，同学不应该参加太多学会，否则就会没有时间做功课。
One or two clubs are enough.
参加一两个就够了。
Choose a club that matches your interest, attend the meetings regularly and help your teammates when they need you.
选一个配合自己兴趣的学会，定期出席聚会，队友有需要的时候就帮一把。
Remember, secondary school is the best time to try new things, because mistakes do not cost much.
记住，中学是尝试新事物最好的时候，因为犯错的代价不大。
In conclusion, school clubs bring us friendship, skills and fun.
总括来说，学校学会为我们带来友谊、技能同乐趣。
Every student should join at least one club this year.
每个同学今年都应该至少参加一个学会。
1重点摘要 Summary
说明文要讲清楚 how / why：一句 topic sentence，加 first / next / finally 等次序字，再有事实或例子。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
解释说明事物的文体。
主要论点。
事实或例子。
一组句子。
结尾的总结。
For example。
真实的资讯。
组织的方式。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 主题句每段第一句讲明重点：Joining a school club is one of the best ways to enjoy secondary school life.——立场即刻亮出。主题句公式：立场＋理由预告——Joining clubs helps us make friends, learn skills and enjoy school life。
- 支持细节每个理由跟一个例子：For example, I met two good friends in the Photography Club last year.——没有例子的理由没有说服力。例子要有名有姓：last year 的 Photography Club 比 some club 有说服力——具体是说服之本。
- 结论In conclusion 重申要点：school clubs bring us friendship, skills and fun——再加呼吁：Every student should join at least one club this year.
- 次序词First / Second / Finally 排理由：First, clubs help students make new friends… Second, clubs teach useful skills… Finally, clubs give students something to look forward to.
- 数据数字最有力：our club held a photo exhibition, and more than two hundred students visited it——一个数字胜十句形容。数据来源都要交代：according to our club survey——有出处的数字，先似一份专业报告。
- 平衡论述Of course… 讲注意位：Of course, students should not join too many clubs, or they will have no time for homework.——文章先立体。
- 实际建议讲完道理给方法：Choose a club that matches your interest, attend the meetings regularly and help your teammates when they need you.
4图解 Diagrams
5例题示范 Example
任务：以 Why Students Should Read Every Day 为题，用 topic sentence + First / Second / Third + conclusion 写一段说明文。
- 第一步：第一句 topic sentence 讲明立场——Reading is important for three reasons.
- 第二步：First + 理由一 + 例子——First, it builds vocabulary. For example, …
- 第三步：Second / Third 继续加理由，每个理由一至两句。
- 第四步：加一个 Of course… 提出注意位，文章更全面——Of course, choose suitable books.
- 第五步：In conclusion 重申立场，呼应第一句。
- 答案：Reading is important for every student. First, it builds vocabulary, so we can express ourselves more clearly. For example, students who read often find writing exercises much easier. Second, reading improves writing, because we learn good sentence patterns from good writers. Third, it opens new worlds: a book can take us to ancient Egypt or outer space. Of course, we should choose suitable books and read for about twenty minutes a day. In conclusion, reading builds vocabulary, improves writing and opens new worlds, so every student should read every day.
6常见错误 Mistakes
75 题快测 Quick check
Q1What is expository writing?
Q2What is a topic sentence?
Q3What is a supporting detail?
Q4What is a conclusion?
Q5What gives an example?
8重点回顾 Recap
- 说明文结构：topic sentence → First / Second / Third + 理由例子 → In conclusion
- 每个理由配一个例子：For example, I met two good friends in the Photography Club.
- 讲清楚 how / why，不要斋讲『好』——club 教你 think carefully、speak with confidence
- 加 Of course… 讲注意位（不要参加太多 club），文章先够平衡
- 意见要标明 I think / In my opinion，不要当成事实来讲