Expository Writing 說明文寫作
進階說明文要講清楚 how / why：一句 topic sentence，加 first / next / finally 等次序字，再有事實或例子。
- 說明文結構：topic sentence → First / Second / Third + 理由例子 → In conclusion
- 每個理由配一個例子：For example, I met two good friends in the Photography Club.
- 講清楚 how / why，不要齋講『好』——club 教你 think carefully、speak with confidence
文體小知識：One idea per paragraph, with evidence.
§課文原文 Passage
1Why Students Should Join School Clubs
2Joining a school club is one of the best ways to enjoy secondary school life. First, clubs help students make new friends outside their own class. For example, I met two good friends in the Photography Club last year, and we still take pictures together every month. Second, clubs teach useful skills that lessons do not always cover. A member of the Chess Club learns to think carefully, and a member of the Drama Club learns to speak with confidence. Last term, our club held a photo exhibition, and more than two hundred students visited it. These skills help us in interviews and in daily life. Finally, clubs give students something to look forward to after school, so we study harder during lessons.
3Of course, students should not join too many clubs, or they will have no time for homework. One or two clubs are enough. Choose a club that matches your interest, attend the meetings regularly and help your teammates when they need you. Remember, secondary school is the best time to try new things, because mistakes do not cost much.
4In conclusion, school clubs bring us friendship, skills and fun. Every student should join at least one club this year.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Why Students Should Join School Clubs
為什麼學生應該參加學校學會
Joining a school club is one of the best ways to enjoy secondary school life.
參加學校學會是享受中學生活最好的方法之一。
First, clubs help students make new friends outside their own class.
第一，學會可以幫同學認識班以外的新朋友。
For example, I met two good friends in the Photography Club last year, and we still take pictures together every month.
例如我去年在攝影學會認識了兩個好朋友，到現在我們每個月還會一起拍照。
Second, clubs teach useful skills that lessons do not always cover.
第二，學會會教一些課堂未必學到的實用技能。
A member of the Chess Club learns to think carefully, and a member of the Drama Club learns to speak with confidence.
棋藝學會的成員學會深思熟慮，戲劇學會的成員就學會自信地表達。
Last term, our club held a photo exhibition, and more than two hundred students visited it.
上個學期，我們學會舉辦了一個攝影展，有超過二百個同學來參觀。
These skills help us in interviews and in daily life.
這些技能在面試同日常生活都很有用。
Finally, clubs give students something to look forward to after school, so we study harder during lessons.
最後，學會令同學放學後有些期待，所以我們上課都會更用心。
Of course, students should not join too many clubs, or they will have no time for homework.
當然，同學不應該參加太多學會，否則就會沒有時間做功課。
One or two clubs are enough.
參加一兩個就夠了。
Choose a club that matches your interest, attend the meetings regularly and help your teammates when they need you.
選一個配合自己興趣的學會，定期出席聚會，隊友有需要的時候就幫一把。
Remember, secondary school is the best time to try new things, because mistakes do not cost much.
記住，中學是嘗試新事物最好的時候，因為犯錯的代價不大。
In conclusion, school clubs bring us friendship, skills and fun.
總括來說，學校學會為我們帶來友誼、技能同樂趣。
Every student should join at least one club this year.
每個同學今年都應該至少參加一個學會。
1重點摘要 Summary
說明文要講清楚 how / why：一句 topic sentence，加 first / next / finally 等次序字，再有事實或例子。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
解釋說明事物的文體。
主要論點。
事實或例子。
一組句子。
結尾的總結。
For example。
真實的資訊。
組織的方式。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 主題句每段第一句講明重點：Joining a school club is one of the best ways to enjoy secondary school life.——立場即刻亮出。主題句公式：立場＋理由預告——Joining clubs helps us make friends, learn skills and enjoy school life。
- 支持細節每個理由跟一個例子：For example, I met two good friends in the Photography Club last year.——沒有例子的理由沒有說服力。例子要有名有姓：last year 的 Photography Club 比 some club 有說服力——具體是說服之本。
- 結論In conclusion 重申要點：school clubs bring us friendship, skills and fun——再加呼籲：Every student should join at least one club this year.
- 次序詞First / Second / Finally 排理由：First, clubs help students make new friends… Second, clubs teach useful skills… Finally, clubs give students something to look forward to.
- 數據數字最有力：our club held a photo exhibition, and more than two hundred students visited it——一個數字勝十句形容。數據來源都要交代：according to our club survey——有出處的數字，先似一份專業報告。
- 平衡論述Of course… 講注意位：Of course, students should not join too many clubs, or they will have no time for homework.——文章先立體。
- 實際建議講完道理給方法：Choose a club that matches your interest, attend the meetings regularly and help your teammates when they need you.
4圖解 Diagrams
5例題示範 Example
任務：以 Why Students Should Read Every Day 為題，用 topic sentence + First / Second / Third + conclusion 寫一段說明文。
- 第一步：第一句 topic sentence 講明立場——Reading is important for three reasons.
- 第二步：First + 理由一 + 例子——First, it builds vocabulary. For example, …
- 第三步：Second / Third 繼續加理由，每個理由一至兩句。
- 第四步：加一個 Of course… 提出注意位，文章更全面——Of course, choose suitable books.
- 第五步：In conclusion 重申立場，呼應第一句。
- 答案：Reading is important for every student. First, it builds vocabulary, so we can express ourselves more clearly. For example, students who read often find writing exercises much easier. Second, reading improves writing, because we learn good sentence patterns from good writers. Third, it opens new worlds: a book can take us to ancient Egypt or outer space. Of course, we should choose suitable books and read for about twenty minutes a day. In conclusion, reading builds vocabulary, improves writing and opens new worlds, so every student should read every day.
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
75 題快測 Quick check
Q1What is expository writing?
Q2What is a topic sentence?
Q3What is a supporting detail?
Q4What is a conclusion?
Q5What gives an example?
8重點回顧 Recap
- 說明文結構：topic sentence → First / Second / Third + 理由例子 → In conclusion
- 每個理由配一個例子：For example, I met two good friends in the Photography Club.
- 講清楚 how / why，不要齋講『好』——club 教你 think carefully、speak with confidence
- 加 Of course… 講注意位（不要參加太多 club），文章先夠平衡
- 意見要標明 I think / In my opinion，不要當成事實來講