Guessing New Words 阅读：猜生字技巧
进阶不要逐个生字查字典——用上文下理、讯号字和字首字尾作出聪明猜测。
- 猜字三步：看前后文 → 拆字首字尾 → 代入原句检查
- 同义讯号：or、means、i.e.；反义讯号：but、however、although
- 字首字尾：un-（不）· -ful（充满）· -less（没有）· -er（做那件事的人）
文体小知识：Never stop at a new word.
§课文原文 Passage
1Mr Chan is a frugal man who lives in our estate. He never spends money on expensive things. He repairs his own shoes with glue and thread. He takes a bus even when it rains, although he could easily take a taxi. He grows vegetables on his balcony and picks up old furniture from the street. His neighbours think he is strange, and the children sometimes laugh at his old shirt.
2But Mr Chan does not care about their comments. Every month, he puts part of his salary into the bank. He brings his own water bottle and cooks simple meals at home. 'Things break. Money disappears. But knowledge and time stay with you,' he always says. His only luxury is a second-hand dictionary that he bought thirty years ago. He reads it every night, because books, he says, are the cheapest way to travel.
3Last month, the whole neighbourhood learned the truth about Mr Chan. He has saved enough to retire early, and he donated one million dollars to the children's library in our district. Now people greet him politely in the lift, and some even ask him for advice about saving money. He says, 'Money is useful, but time is more valuable. Spend both carefully.'
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Mr Chan is a frugal man who lives in our estate.
陈先生是个很省俭的人，住在我们屋苑。
He never spends money on expensive things.
他从来不会花钱买贵东西。
He repairs his own shoes with glue and thread.
他会自己用胶水同线补鞋。
He takes a bus even when it rains, although he could easily take a taxi.
就算下雨他都搭巴士，虽然他大可以乘的士。
He grows vegetables on his balcony and picks up old furniture from the street.
他在露台种菜，还会在街边捡旧家私。
His neighbours think he is strange, and the children sometimes laugh at his old shirt.
那些邻居觉得他很古怪，小朋友有时还笑他的旧恤衫。
But Mr Chan does not care about their comments.
不过陈先生一点都不介怀别人怎么说。
Every month, he puts part of his salary into the bank.
他每个月都会将部分薪金存入银行。
He brings his own water bottle and cooks simple meals at home.
他会自己带水樽，在家煮些简单饭菜。
'Things break. Money disappears. But knowledge and time stay with you,' he always says.
他常常说：「物件会烂，钱会花光，但知识同时间会一直留在你身边。」
His only luxury is a second-hand dictionary that he bought thirty years ago.
他唯一的奢侈品，就是三十年前买的一本二手字典。
He reads it every night, because books, he says, are the cheapest way to travel.
他每晚都会看，因为他说书是最便宜的旅行方式。
Last month, the whole neighbourhood learned the truth about Mr Chan.
上个月，整个屋苑的人都知道了有关陈先生的真相。
He has saved enough to retire early, and he donated one million dollars to the children's library in our district.
他存了足够的钱可以提早退休，还捐了一百万给我们区的儿童图书馆。
Now people greet him politely in the lift, and some even ask him for advice about saving money.
现在的人在电梯见到他都会有礼貌地打招呼，有些还问他省钱心得。
He says, 'Money is useful, but time is more valuable. Spend both carefully.'
他说：「钱很有用，但时间更宝贵。两样都要小心运用。」
1重点摘要 Summary
不要逐个生字查字典——用上文下理、讯号字和字首字尾作出聪明猜测。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
前后的字句。
凭上下文猜测。
词的核心部分。
Un-, re-, dis-。
-ly, -tion, -er。
意思相同。
意思相反。
用来查生字。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 看上下文生字前后句就是字典：Mr Chan is a frugal man who lives in our estate. He never spends money on expensive things.——never spends money 即刻解释 frugal＝省俭。
- 拆字Prefix + root + suffix：un-（不）· -ful（充满）· -less（没有）· -er（做那件事的人）：useful、careless。second-hand 拆开两半就是『二手』。
- 对比同义讯号 or / means；反义讯号 but / however。课文：Money disappears. But knowledge and time stay with you——but 前后意思相反。
- 反义线索although 后面转方向：He takes a bus even when it rains, although he could easily take a taxi——有钱乘的士都不搭，frugal 的程度即刻浮现。
- 定义子句who / which 开头的子句很多时是定义：a frugal man who never spends money——作者亲自解释给你听。e.g. / i.e. 都是定义讯号：metal, e.g. iron and gold——举例即刻示范个类别——见到 e.g. 就预备接收例子，生字意思多数就在例中。
- 代入检查估完代入原句：Mr Chan is a frugal man → Mr Chan is a careful-with-money man. 通顺就对，不通顺就再估。估极都不明先查字典，查完抄一次例句——生字簿一星期翻一次，先不会全部还给老师；抄例句时顺手读出声，记忆更加深。
- 继续读不用逢字必查字典——keep reading 不打断思路；关键生字通常后面会自己解释，因为作者怕你不明。生字影响答题先处理：题目问那句有生字才拆；无关系的照跳——时间要用在刀刃上，才追得回进度。
4图解 Diagrams
5例题示范 Example
课文第一句：Mr Chan is a frugal man who never spends money on expensive things. 不查字典，你估到 frugal 是什么意思吗？讲出你的推理步骤。
- 第一步：看生字后面的子句——who never spends money on expensive things（不用买贵东西）。
- 第二步：再收集例子——下雨都搭巴士不乘的士、自己用胶水补鞋、在露台种菜。
- 第三步：判断词性和方向——形容词，形容一个人使钱的习惯。
- 第四步：用同义字测试——frugal ≈ careful with money（使钱谨慎）。
- 第五步：代入原句检查——a frugal man = 一个省俭的人，通顺合理。
- 答案：frugal 即是省俭、使钱谨慎。推理路线：who never spends money on expensive things 直接解释了它；后面还有例子支持——下雨搭巴士、自己补鞋、每个月将部分人工入银行。用上文下理估到大概意思就继续读，不用逐个字查字典，阅读速度才够快。
6常见错误 Mistakes
78 题快测 Quick check
Q1What helps you guess a word?
Q2What is a prefix?
Q3What is a synonym?
Q4What is an antonym?
Q5What does -ly make?
Q6What does "frugal" mean?
Q7Give an example of frugal.
Q8What did he save?
8重点回顾 Recap
- 猜字三步：看前后文 → 拆字首字尾 → 代入原句检查
- 同义讯号：or、means、i.e.；反义讯号：but、however、although
- 字首字尾：un-（不）· -ful（充满）· -less（没有）· -er（做那件事的人）
- 课文例子：frugal 由 who never spends money… 推出『省俭』
- 不用逢字必查——keep reading，不要打断理解思路