Sentence Structure 句子结构

进阶

每句一定要有主语和动词;用 and / but / because 连接意思,用 do / does / did 问问题。

适合:中一英国语文 · 单元:文法 · 建议学习路径第 10/21 课

学完呢课,你会识:
  • 每句要有主语 + 动词;基本语序是 S + V (+ O)
  • because 和 so 不要一起用——二选一
  • 问句用 Do / Does / Did + 主语 + 原形动词:Did you leave the lights on?
文体:Grammar有声朗读

文体小知识:Every sentence needs a subject and a verb.

英国语文English Language
读呢课前,你应该识: Adjectives and Adverbs 形容词与副词

§课文原文 Passage

1After lunch, Marco and I returned to our classroom. Nobody was inside, but the lights were still on, and two fans were spinning noisily. 'Who forgot to switch off the lights?' Marco asked. We looked for the class monitor, but we could not find her. She was not in the hall, and she was not in the music room either. Because we are classmates who help each other, we decided to search for her together.

2Finally, we found her in the library, reading quietly under the window. 'Did you leave the lights on?' I asked her softly. She laughed and said, 'Oh no! I was in a hurry because the lunch bell rang early.' We did not blame her, because everyone forgets things sometimes. Instead, the three of us made a plan. We wrote a big reminder and stuck it beside the light switches.

3Then we went back to the classroom together, switched off the lights and the fans, and closed the door carefully. Our teacher heard about the plan and praised us in front of the class. Now the last student who leaves always checks the switches. Small actions like this save energy for our school, and they also show that we care about our community. It was a small afternoon, but we learned something big.

§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation

After lunch, Marco and I returned to our classroom.

吃完午饭,我同 Marco 回到课室。

Nobody was inside, but the lights were still on, and two fans were spinning noisily.

课室里面没有人,但灯还开著,两部风扇还在嗡嗡转。

'Who forgot to switch off the lights?' Marco asked.

Marco 问:「谁忘记熄灯?」

We looked for the class monitor, but we could not find her.

我们找班长,但怎么找也找不到。

She was not in the hall, and she was not in the music room either.

她不在礼堂,又不在音乐室。

Because we are classmates who help each other, we decided to search for her together.

因为我们是互相帮助的同学,所以我们决定一起去找她。

Finally, we found her in the library, reading quietly under the window.

最后我们在图书馆找到她,她静静地坐在窗边看书。

'Did you leave the lights on?' I asked her softly.

我低声问她:「是不是你忘记熄灯?」

She laughed and said, 'Oh no! I was in a hurry because the lunch bell rang early.'

她笑著说:「哎呀!因为午饭钟早了响,我走得太急。」

We did not blame her, because everyone forgets things sometimes.

我们没有怪她,因为每个人都会有忘记东西的时候。

Instead, the three of us made a plan.

相反,我们三个人想了个办法。

We wrote a big reminder and stuck it beside the light switches.

我们写了张大字提示,贴在灯掣旁边。

Then we went back to the classroom together, switched off the lights and the fans, and closed the door carefully.

之后我们一起回到课室,熄了灯同风扇,再小心关上门。

Our teacher heard about the plan and praised us in front of the class.

老师知道了这个办法,在全班面前赞我们。

Now the last student who leaves always checks the switches.

现在最后离开课室的同学一定会检查电掣。

Small actions like this save energy for our school, and they also show that we care about our community.

这些小小的行动可以帮学校省电,还显示出我们关心自己的社群。

It was a small afternoon, but we learned something big.

那个下午很平凡,但我们学会了很重要的东西。

1重点摘要 Summary

每句一定要有主语和动词;用 and / but / because 连接意思,用 do / does / did 问问题。

2生字卡 Vocabulary

S
Subject主词

做动作的人。

V
Verb动词

动作。

O
Object宾词

受动作的人/物。

W
Word order字序

S + V + O。

Q
Question问句

Do/Does/Did 开头。

N
Negative否定句

Do not / does not。

S
Statement陈述句

肯定句。

P
Punctuation标点

. ? !

3逐步讲解 Steps

  1. SVO英文基本语序 Subject + Verb + Object:We (S) switched off (V) the lights (O)。举个例子:Marco and I returned to our classroom.
  2. 问句Do / Does / Did + 主语 + 原形动词:Did you leave the lights on?——有 be 动词就直接提前:Where is the class monitor?Wh- 问句都要助动词:Where did you go?(不是 Where you went?)——do / does / did 紧记不要漏掉。
  3. 否定do not / does not / did not + 原形:We did not blame her.——be 动词直接加 not:She was not in the hall.主语三身配搭:I / you / we / they 用 do not;he / she / it 用 does not——第三人称单数是关键位。
  4. 找主语问『哪个做?』:'Who forgot to switch off the lights?'——the class monitor 就是主语。连 Nobody 都做到主语:Nobody was inside.
  5. 连接句and / but / because 连接两句:Because we are classmates who help each other, we decided to search together.——because 和 so 不要齐用。
  6. 标点规矩句首大楷、句尾标点一个都不可以漏:'Oh no!' She laughed and said… 问句用 ?,感叹用 !感叹句用 What / How:What a hot day! How fast he runs!——What 配名词、How 配形容副词。
  7. 课文应用We wrote a big reminder and stuck it beside the light switches.——一个主语 We 带两个动词,第二个动词前面不用重复主语。一句两动作的连接:We searched and asked, but found nothing——and 加、but 转,两个接连词够用全篇。

4图解 Diagrams

课题概念图Sentence Structure 句子结构1SVO重点 Focus详细内容见下方2问句重点 Focus详细内容见下方3否定重点 Focus详细内容见下方核心词语主词 Subject · 动词 Verb · 宾词 Object · 字序 Word order
课题概念图 · 中英对照 bilingual

5例题示范 Example

根据课文(课室灯未熄那件小事),用 S + V + O 写三句完整句子,再用 and / because 扩句。

  1. 第一步:每句一定要有主语 + 动词——We found her in the library.(不可以斋写 Found her.)
  2. 第二步:跟 S + V + O 排序——The last student checks the switches.(主语 + 动词 + 受词)
  3. 第三步:用 and 连两个动作——We went back and switched off the lights.
  4. 第四步:用 because 讲原因——We did not blame her because everyone forgets things sometimes.
  5. 第五步:检查句首大楷、句尾标点 . ? !(because 和 so 不要齐用)
  6. 答案:完整句子 = 主语 + 动词 (+ 受词),例如 We switched off the lights and closed the door. 想连动作就用 and;想讲原因就用 because:We wrote a big reminder because we wanted to help. 切记 because 和 so 不可以同一句出现,二选一。最后检查:句首大楷、句尾加 . ? !,问句用 Did you leave the lights on? 这种 do/did + 主语 + 原形结构。

6常见错误 Mistakes

✗ I like because it is fun.
✓ I like it because...
✗ Because it is fun, so I like it.
✓ Because..., I like it.(不用 so)
✗ He go to school and he play.
✓ He goes... and plays...
✗ The book is interesting, I read it.
✓ The book is interesting, so I read it.

75 题快测 Quick check

Q1What is SVO?

Q2How to make a question?

Q3How to make negative?

Q4What ends a question?

Q5What is the subject?

8重点回顾 Recap

  • 每句要有主语 + 动词;基本语序是 S + V (+ O)
  • because 和 so 不要一起用——二选一
  • 问句用 Do / Does / Did + 主语 + 原形动词:Did you leave the lights on?
  • 句首大楷、句尾标点 . ? ! 一个都不可以漏
  • 课文例子:在掣旁边贴 reminder——small actions save energy 节约能源

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