Reading Signs 读告示
基础告示字少,但信息明确。
- 告示字少信息大:Exit(出口)、Entrance(入口)、No smoking(禁止吸烟)。
- No + V-ing / 名词 = 禁止:No eating、No parking。
- must not 一定不得;may 可以做。
文体小知识:Public notices.
§课文原文 Passage
1Welcome to City Library. Before you go in, please look at the signs near the entrance. Please read the rules carefully. First, keep your voice low. Do not talk loudly. Second, food and drinks are not allowed. You may not eat or drink inside. Third, books may be borrowed for two weeks. Please return them on time.
2If you need help, ask the librarian at the front desk. She is friendly and ready to help. Please queue up when many people are waiting. Do not run inside the library. Remember, smoking is not allowed here. You can see a 'No smoking' sign outside the door. The toilets are on the first floor, near the stairs.
3The library is open from 9 am to 9 pm on weekdays, and from 10 am to 6 pm on weekends. It is closed on the first day of the year. You can enter through the front entrance next to the bus stop. The exit is on the other side of the building. You do not need a ticket to enter, but you need a library card to borrow books. Enjoy reading!
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Welcome to City Library.
欢迎来到城市图书馆。
Before you go in, please look at the signs near the entrance.
进去之前,请看一下入口附近的告示牌。
Please read the rules carefully.
请细心阅读规则。
First, keep your voice low.
第一,保持安静。
Do not talk loudly.
不要大声说话。
Second, food and drinks are not allowed.
第二,不准饮食。
You may not eat or drink inside.
场内不可以吃东西、喝东西。
Third, books may be borrowed for two weeks.
第三,那些书可以借两星期。
Please return them on time.
请准时还书。
If you need help, ask the librarian at the front desk.
如果需要帮忙,可以问服务台的图书馆员。
She is friendly and ready to help.
她好友善,好乐意帮忙。
Please queue up when many people are waiting.
多人等候时,请排好队。
Do not run inside the library.
不要在图书馆里面奔跑。
Remember, smoking is not allowed here.
记住,这里不准吸烟。
You can see a 'No smoking' sign outside the door.
门口外面有个「不准吸烟」告示。
The toilets are on the first floor, near the stairs.
洗手间在一楼,在楼梯附近。
The library is open from 9 am to 9 pm on weekdays, and from 10 am to 6 pm on weekends.
图书馆平日朝九晚九开放,周末就朝十晚六。
It is closed on the first day of the year.
每年的第一天休息。
You can enter through the front entrance next to the bus stop.
可以由巴士站旁边的正门进去。
The exit is on the other side of the building.
出口在大楼的另一边。
You do not need a ticket to enter, but you need a library card to borrow books.
进去不需要门票,但借书就需要图书证。
Enjoy reading!
祝你阅读愉快!
1重点摘要 Summary
告示字少,但信息明确。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
告示。
入口。
出口。
厕所。
不准吸烟。
排队。
车票。
营业。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 地点常见的场所标志词有 entrance(入口)、exit(出口)、toilet(洗手间)、lift(升降机)以及 information(询问处)。例句:The exit is on the left. 要注意 exit 指出口,emergency exit 指紧急出口;这些词在商场、机场与图书馆都能见到,认得它们就能快速找到方向;阅读标志时先扫一眼大字,再看下面的小字说明,顺序不要颠倒,理解才会完整。
- 规则禁止类的标志多用 no 开头:No smoking(禁止吸烟)、No eating(禁止饮食)、No parking(禁止停泊车辆)。例句:There is a No smoking sign in the library. 要注意 no 之后接名词或动词 ing 形式;看到 no 开头的标志,就表示那里不准进行这种行为;标志往往配有图案,图文对照可以帮助确认意思,即使遇到生词也不会误解,这是阅读标志的重要技巧。
- 动作指示类标志常用简短动词:queue(排队)、wait(等候)、buy ticket(购票)、push(推)、pull(拉)。例句:Please queue up here. 要注意标志上的动词多用原形,或以 please 开头,语气直接而不失礼貌;push 与 pull 是门上的常见标志,意思刚好相反,认错了门就打不开;看到以动词开头的句子,多半是提示或指令,要立即按照指示行动。
- 时间营业或开放时间的标志常用 open(开放)与 closed(关闭),并配上时间:Open 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. 例句:The library is closed on Sundays. 要注意 open 与 closed 在句中作形容词,前面用 is;a.m. 表示上午,p.m. 表示下午与晚上,两者不能混淆;阅读这类标志时,先找 is open 或 is closed,再看时间范围,就能判断现在是否开放。
- No + 名词 / V-ing禁止标志的公式是 no 加名词或动词 ing:No smoking(禁止吸烟)、No eating(禁止饮食)、No parking(禁止停泊车辆)。例句:No swimming in this river. 要注意动词必须用 ing 形式,不能写 No smoke 或 No swim;这种写法省略了 you are,完整的意思是 You must not smoke here;看到 no 开头的标志,就要联想到 must not,两种说法可以互相改写,这也是常见的变换句式练习。
- must / may 不和力度标志与规则的语气有强弱之分:You must not smoke here 表示一定不可以,是强制禁止;You may borrow books 表示可以做,是许可。要注意 must 的否定式 must not 语气最强,违反会有后果;may 表示允许,也可以用 can 代替;should 则是建议,语气介于两者之间,例如 You should keep quiet. 阅读时抓住 must、may、should 三个词,就能判断规则的强度与后果。
5例题示范 Example
问题:图书馆门口张贴了几条规则,怎样逐条读明白?
- 第一步:逐条圈出动词或关键词,先弄清每条规则针对的行为,例如:keep your voice low(保持小声)、food and drinks are not allowed(不准携带饮食)。
- 第二步:把规则分为禁止与许可两类:not allowed 表示禁止,may borrow 表示许可。
- 第三步:用自己的文字复述每条规则,确认理解正确,例如:馆内要保持安静,不准吃东西。
- 第四步:找出时间资料,例如 open 与 closed 以及开放的钟点,判断什么时候适合前往。
- 第五步:按照规则行动,例如进馆之前收好小吃,交谈保持小声。
- 答案:示范答案:图书馆的规则是:keep your voice low(保持小声)、food and drinks are not allowed(不准携带饮食)。You may borrow books(可以借书)。所以进馆之前要先收好小吃,交谈保持小声。
6常见错误 Mistakes
79 题快测 Quick check
Q1入口?
Q2出口?
Q3不准吸烟?
Q4厕所?
Q5排队?
Q6营业?
Q7可以在图书馆吃东西吗?
Q8借书要用什么?
Q9谁可以帮你?
8重点回顾 Recap
- 告示字少信息大:Exit(出口)、Entrance(入口)、No smoking(禁止吸烟)。
- No + V-ing / 名词 = 禁止:No eating、No parking。
- must not 一定不得;may 可以做。
- 入公共场所先看 rules,先不会犯规。
- Open / Closed 表示开不开门,看清楚再进去。