Articles: a/an/the 冠词
基础看声不看字母。
- a 配子音声:a book、a dog;an 配母音声:an apple、an egg、an hour。
- 第一次提用 a / an,第二次提用 the。
- 独一无二的东西用 the:the sun、the moon、the sky。
文体小知识:Indefinite vs definite.
§课文原文 Passage
1This morning, Mum gave me an apple and an orange for my snack box. She also boiled an egg and made me a sandwich. I put a bottle of water and an umbrella into my bag. On the way to school, I saw a dog sleeping under a tree. Suddenly, it started to rain, so I opened my umbrella.
2In class, our teacher read us a story from a big book. The story was about a clever mouse. The mouse lived in an old house near a river. The book on the desk belongs to the school library. I borrowed it last week and finished it in two days. It was funny and exciting.
3On Friday, we will visit a museum. The museum is next to the park. My friend Tom wants to be an artist one day. He says an hour in the art room is never enough. Remember, we use 'a' before a consonant sound and 'an' before a vowel sound. We use 'the' when we talk about something special or already known. Articles are small words, but they are very useful.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
This morning, Mum gave me an apple and an orange for my snack box.
今天早上,妈妈给了我一个苹果同一个橙做小食。
She also boiled an egg and made me a sandwich.
她还煮了一只蛋,整了个三文治给我。
I put a bottle of water and an umbrella into my bag.
我把一瓶水同一把雨伞放进书包。
On the way to school, I saw a dog sleeping under a tree.
上学途中,我看见一只狗正在树下睡觉。
Suddenly, it started to rain, so I opened my umbrella.
突然下起雨来,于是我打开雨伞。
In class, our teacher read us a story from a big book.
上课时,老师用一本大书读了一个故事给我们听。
The story was about a clever mouse.
这个故事是讲一只好聪明的老鼠。
The mouse lived in an old house near a river.
那只老鼠住在河边一间旧屋里。
The book on the desk belongs to the school library.
书桌上面那本书是学校图书馆的。
I borrowed it last week and finished it in two days.
我上星期借了它,两天就看完。
It was funny and exciting.
又好笑又刺激。
On Friday, we will visit a museum.
星期五,我们会去参观一座博物馆。
The museum is next to the park.
那座博物馆在公园旁边。
My friend Tom wants to be an artist one day.
我朋友 Tom 长大后想做艺术家。
He says an hour in the art room is never enough.
他说在美术室一个小时永远都不够。
Remember, we use 'a' before a consonant sound and 'an' before a vowel sound.
记住,子音音素前用 'a',母音音素前用 'an'。
We use 'the' when we talk about something special or already known.
讲到某样特别或者已经知的东西,就用 'the'。
Articles are small words, but they are very useful.
冠词是很小的字,但是很有用。
1重点摘要 Summary
看声不看字母。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
一个(子音前)。
一个(母音前)。
这/那。
苹果。
橙。
书。
蛋。
雨伞。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- aa 用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前。例句:a book(一本书)、a dog(一只狗)、a pen。要注意 a 只配单数名词,复数名词或不可数名词前面不能用 a;判断的依据是发音而不是字母,下文会详细说明;另外 a 与 an 表示泛指某一个,即随便哪一个都行,并不是特指某一本或某一只,特指要用 the.
- anan 用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。例句:an apple(一个苹果)、an egg(一只蛋)、an orange。要注意判断标准是单词的第一个音素:apple 以元音 /æ/ 开头,所以用 an;如果名词前面有形容词,则按形容词的第一个音素决定,例如 an old book、a red apple,这是小学阶段常见的考点。
- thethe 表示特指,用于交谈双方都知道的事物。例句:the book on the desk(桌上的那本书)。要注意 the 可以配单数、复数或不可数名词,例如 the books、the water;独一无二的事物前面必须用 the,例如 the sun、the moon;第二次提到的人或物也用 the;如果对方不知道你指哪一个,就要先用 a 或 an 作介绍。
- 记忆选 a 还是 an 的口诀是:辅音音素前用 a,元音音素前用 an,看发音而不看字母。例句:a useful book(useful 以 /j/ 音开头,用 a)、an umbrella(以元音开头,用 an)。要注意有些单词以元音字母开头却读辅音,例如 a European;记忆时把典型例子与口诀一起背,考试时先默读开头的音,就能快速作出正确判断。
- 第二次提及用 the第一次提到某物用 a 或 an,第二次提到时因为双方都知道是哪一个,要改用 the。例如:I saw a dog. The dog was sleeping. 第一次用 a dog 作介绍,第二次用 the dog 指同一只狗。要注意这条规则在讲故事与写作中非常重要:新事物先以 a 或 an 登场,之后一律用 the 带出,文章的情节才会连贯自然。
- a / an 看发音a 与 an 的选择取决于发音:an hour 中的 h 不发音,单词以元音开头,所以用 an;a university 中的 u 读 /juː/,以辅音 /j/ 开头,所以用 a。要注意同一个字母可能对应不同的音素,必须读出来判断;类似的例子还有 an honest boy 与 a uniform;检查时把开头的音读一次,就不会选错。
5例题示范 Example
问题:怎样在三个冠词 a、an 与 the 之间作出正确选择?
- 第一步:先问自己这是不是第一次提到这个事物,第一次提到用 a 或 an 作泛指介绍。
- 第二步:听下一个单词的发音再选 a 或 an:辅音音素用 a,例如 a book;元音音素用 an,例如 an apple.
- 第三步:第二次提及或双方都明白所指时用 the,例如:The mouse lived in an old house. The house was near a river.
- 第四步:独一无二的事物前面用 the,例如 the sun、the moon、the sky.
- 第五步:某些固定搭配不加 the,例如 go to school、go to bed,这些短语要整个记住,不能逐字分析。
- 答案:示范答案:I saw a dog under a tree. The dog was sleeping. Mum gave me an apple and an orange. The sun is bright today. I go to school by bus.
6常见错误 Mistakes
76 题快测 Quick check
Q1a 定 an 怎么分?
Q2___ apple?
Q3___ book?
Q4the 用途?
Q5___ egg?
Q6___ umbrella?
8重点回顾 Recap
- a 配子音声:a book、a dog;an 配母音声:an apple、an egg、an hour。
- 第一次提用 a / an,第二次提用 the。
- 独一无二的东西用 the:the sun、the moon、the sky。
- 惯用语不加 the:go to school、go to bed。
- 选 a 定 an 看发音不看字母。