Practical Writing 實用文

進階

格式最重要。

適合:中六英國語文 · 單元:寫作 · 建議學習路徑第 10/17 課

學完呢課,你會識:
  • 實用文格式先決:To / From / Date / 標題,一項都不可以漏。
  • Findings 用數據講:樣本數、百分比、每日數量,越具體越可信。
  • 連障礙(麻煩、不方便)也講出,建議才顯得有的放矢。
文體:Writing有聲朗讀

文體小知識:Letters, emails, articles.

作者

英國語文English Language

§課文原文 Passage

1Proposal for a Green Campus Scheme To: Miss Lam, Student Affairs Office. From: Chris Wong, Chairperson of the Environmental Club. Date: 12 May 2026. Introduction: This proposal outlines measures to reduce waste in our school canteen and invites the Student Affairs Office to adopt a Green Campus Scheme this semester.

2Findings: Our survey of 400 students shows that 68 per cent use disposable lunch boxes daily, while the canteen discards roughly 900 plastic items every school day. Interviews with canteen staff confirm that most of the waste comes from takeaway boxes and plastic cutlery. Students told us they want to help but find reusable boxes inconvenient to carry and wash. The problem is serious, growing, and entirely within our power to solve.

3Recommendations: We suggest two measures. First, install water refill stations on each floor so that bottled drinks become unnecessary. Second, launch a bring-your-own-container reward scheme under which students who bring reusable boxes receive a stamp, and ten stamps earn a free drink. We also propose that the tuck shop phase out plastic straws by the end of the term. Both measures are cheap, visible and easy to monitor.

4Benefits: These measures would cut canteen waste by half within a year, save the canteen money on disposables, and nurture environmentally responsible citizens. They would also give our school a practical example of the green values we already teach in class. A greener canteen would also strengthen our application for the Green School Award. Conclusion: We sincerely hope the Student Affairs Office will consider adopting the scheme this semester. The Environmental Club is ready to assist with promotion and monitoring, and further details are available on request.

§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation

Proposal for a Green Campus Scheme

校園綠化計劃建議書

To: Miss Lam, Student Affairs Office. From: Chris Wong, Chairperson of the Environmental Club. Date: 12 May 2026.

致:學生事務處林老師。由:環境學會主席Chris Wong。日期:2026年5月12日。

Introduction: This proposal outlines measures to reduce waste in our school canteen and invites the Student Affairs Office to adopt a Green Campus Scheme this semester.

引言:本建議書提出減少學校食堂浪費的措施,並邀請學生事務處於本學期推行「校園綠化計劃」。

Findings: Our survey of 400 students shows that 68 per cent use disposable lunch boxes daily, while the canteen discards roughly 900 plastic items every school day.

調查結果:我們訪問了400名學生,顯示68%每日使用即棄飯盒,而食堂每個上學日約棄置900件塑膠製品。

Interviews with canteen staff confirm that most of the waste comes from takeaway boxes and plastic cutlery.

與食堂職員的訪談證實,大部分廢物來自外賣盒和塑膠餐具。

Students told us they want to help but find reusable boxes inconvenient to carry and wash.

受訪學生表示樂意幫忙,卻覺得攜帶和清洗可重用餐盒不便。

The problem is serious, growing, and entirely within our power to solve.

問題嚴重且不斷惡化,但完全在我們能力範圍之內可以解決。

Recommendations: We suggest two measures.

建議:我們提出兩項措施。

First, install water refill stations on each floor so that bottled drinks become unnecessary.

第一,在每層樓安裝斟水站,令樽裝飲品變得不再必要。

Second, launch a bring-your-own-container reward scheme under which students who bring reusable boxes receive a stamp, and ten stamps earn a free drink.

第二,推出「自攜餐盒獎勵計劃」:自攜可重用餐盒的學生可獲蓋章一枚,集滿十個可換取免費飲品一支。

We also propose that the tuck shop phase out plastic straws by the end of the term.

我們亦建議小食部在本學期結束前逐步停用塑膠飲管。

Both measures are cheap, visible and easy to monitor.

兩項措施成本廉宜、效果顯而易見,而且容易監察。

Benefits: These measures would cut canteen waste by half within a year, save the canteen money on disposables, and nurture environmentally responsible citizens.

好處:這些措施一年內可令食堂廢物減半、為食堂節省即棄用品的開支,並培養有環保責任感的公民。

They would also give our school a practical example of the green values we already teach in class.

這亦為學校提供一個實際例子,示範我們課堂上一直教授的綠色價值觀。

A greener canteen would also strengthen our application for the Green School Award.

更綠色的食堂亦能有助學校申請「綠色學校獎」。

Conclusion: We sincerely hope the Student Affairs Office will consider adopting the scheme this semester.

結語:我們衷心希望學生事務處考慮於本學期採納此計劃。

The Environmental Club is ready to assist with promotion and monitoring, and further details are available on request.

環境學會樂意協助宣傳和監察;如需進一步資料,歡迎隨時查詢。

1重點摘要 Summary

格式最重要。

2生字卡 Vocabulary

p
practical形容詞

實用。

l
letter名詞

信。

e
email名詞

電郵。

a
article名詞

文章。

r
report名詞

報告。

p
proposal名詞

建議書。

f
format名詞

格式。

t
tone名詞

語氣。

3逐步講解 Steps

  1. 信正式信的考點是格式分最容易拿,也最容易因疏忽而全失。方法是牢記格式鏈:Dear 加稱謂、分段清楚、結尾敬語按收信人區分:知道對方姓名用 Yours sincerely,不知姓名用 Yours faithfully;題目指定寫給誰,便按其身分調整語氣。以本課為例,寫給學生事務處主任的建議信稱謂用 Dear Miss Lam。易錯位在於考生混用 sincerely 與 faithfully,或者忘記署名;格式是實用文的第一關,動筆前先在腦中過一遍格式清單。
  2. 電郵電郵的考點是電郵與書信同樣講究禮貌,但更短更直接,Subject 行是必備項目。方法是 Subject 一行講清目的,例如 Request for leave of absence;正文按 Dear 稱謂、提出請求、說明原因、致謝、署名的次序推進。以本課為例,請假電郵第一段即講明請求與日期,毫不繞圈。易錯位在於考生把電郵寫成閒談,漏了 Subject 行或者漏了署名;電郵是縮小的書信,禮貌用語一樣不可省略。
  3. 文章文章的考點是文章類實用文須有標題與分段,語氣隨讀者對象而變。方法是標題吸引眼球,開首用 hook(提問、數據或場景),中段每段一個論點,結尾發出呼籲;動筆前確認 target audience 是誰,語氣便跟著定:同輩讀者親切活潑,校長老師則要正式。以本課為例,向同學介紹環保活動的文章可用輕鬆語氣與口號式結尾。易錯位在於考生用同一種語氣應付所有對象,或者全文只有一段;對象錯,語氣錯,任務要求便不達標。
  4. 報告報告的考點是報告與建議書以格式先走,標頭項目缺一不可。方法是標頭四項照排:標題(Proposal for a Green Campus Scheme)、To(收件人及職銜)、From(自己姓名與職銜)、Date;正文再按 Introduction、Findings、Recommendations、Benefits、Conclusion 鋪排。以本課範文為例,標頭與分段全部齊備,格式分即時全取。易錯位在於考生漏了 Date 或者 From 的職銜,格式分瞬間失去;交卷前逐項核對標頭,一項都不能少。
  5. 數據講話數據的考點是 Findings 部分的說服力來自具體數據,空泛的形容詞毫無作用。方法是數據三種都要有:樣本數(訪問四百名學生)、百分比(68% 每日使用即棄飯盒)、總量(食堂每個上學日丟棄約九百件塑膠);數字越具體,報告越可信。以本課範文為例,三組數字證明問題的嚴重與來源,再配合食堂職員訪問確認源頭。易錯位在於考生只寫 lots of waste 一類空話,沒有人會相信;沒有數字的 findings 等於沒有 findings。
  6. 講埋障礙障礙的考點是建議書若只講問題不講障礙,建議便像空談;講出障礙才顯得有的放矢。方法是在 Findings 之後寫出實際阻力:學生有意願協助,但覺得自備飯盒不便攜帶與清洗;然後讓每一項建議正面回應這個障礙。以本課範文為例,點出不便的障礙之後,隨即以加水站與蓋章獎勵化解。易錯位在於考生跳過障礙直接列建議,建議與問題脫節,說服力大減;問題與障礙同時寫清,建議才能命中要害。
  7. 建議+效益建議的考點是建議要低成本、可見、易監察,效益要分層列出。方法是每項建議符合三準則:便宜(每層裝加水站)、可見(自備容器蓋章,十個章換免費飲品)、可監察(蓋章紀錄清楚);Benefits 分三層寫:廢物一年內減半、食堂節省開支、助力 Green School Award。以本課範文為例,結尾更主動提出協助宣傳與監察,態度加分。易錯位在於考生建議寫得天花亂墜卻無法執行,或者效益只寫一層;可執行加多層效益,才是滿分的建議寫法。

5例題示範 Example

範文是環保學會遞交的《Green Campus Scheme》建議書。拆解它的格式(To/From/Date)、數據用法和建議寫法。

  1. 第一步:格式齊全:標題、To(Miss Lam, Student Affairs Office)、From(Chris Wong, Chairperson)、Date——格式分立即拿滿。
  2. 第二步:Findings 用數據說話:400 人問卷、68% 日日用即棄飯盒、canteen 每日丟約 900 件塑膠。
  3. 第三步:數據之後接人心:學生想幫忙但覺得自備飯盒麻煩——問題和障礙都講完。
  4. 第四步:Recommendations 具體兩招:每層裝加水站;自備容器蓋章獎勵(十個章換免費飲品);另加學期末淘汰飲管。
  5. 第五步:Benefits 三層:廢物減半、省錢、助力 Green School Award;結尾承諾協助宣傳和監察。
  6. 答案:這份建議書示範實用文怎樣又齊又說服。格式零瑕疵:標題、To、From、Date、Introduction、Findings、Recommendations、Benefits、Conclusion 各就各位。說服力來自證據:400 人問卷(68% 日日即棄飯盒)、canteen 數據(每日約 900 件塑膠)、職員訪問證實源頭。它還講出障礙——學生嫌自備容器麻煩——令建議有的放矢:加水站令樽裝飲品變多餘;蓋章獎勵(十個章換飲品)用誘因解決不便;建議全部「cheap, visible and easy to monitor」。Benefits 一石三鳥:減廢一半、省錢、助力 Green School Award。結尾主動提出協助宣傳監察——實用文精髓:格式工整、證據領路、建議可執行。

6常見錯誤 Mistakes

✗ 格式錯
✓ 信件/備忘錄格式要對
✗ 不分段
✓ 每段一個目的
✗ 用錯稱謂
✓ Dear Sir/Madam, Yours faithfully
✗ 太長
✓ 實用文要簡潔

76 題快測 Quick check

Q1實用文包括?

Q2格式重要?

Q3語氣?

Q4正式信?

Q5電郵?

Q6技巧?

8重點回顧 Recap

  • 實用文格式先決:To / From / Date / 標題,一項都不可以漏。
  • Findings 用數據講:樣本數、百分比、每日數量,越具體越可信。
  • 連障礙(麻煩、不方便)也講出,建議才顯得有的放矢。
  • 好建議低成本、可見、易監察:加水站、蓋章獎勵都符合。
  • Benefits 多層:減廢、省錢、學校形象;結尾主動提出協助。

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