Individual Presentation 個人演講
基礎Intro → Body → Conclusion。
- 演講三段式：Intro（問候＋自我介紹＋大綱）→ Body → Conclusion。
- 開場報結構（first, next, finally），聽眾和考官都跟得上。
- 主體用親身經歷和具體數字支持，空講觀點沒有說服力。
文體小知識：Talk alone.
§課文原文 Passage
1Good morning, everyone. My name is Jason, and today I am going to give a short presentation on keeping Hong Kong's beaches clean. I have divided my talk into three parts: first, the problem; next, the causes; and finally, the solutions. After a brief introduction, I will move on to the body of my talk and end with a simple conclusion.
2First, the problem: every summer, volunteers collect thousands of bags of rubbish from Repulse Bay alone. Plastic bottles, lunch boxes and even broken umbrellas crowd the sand after a single weekend. Last year, my class joined a beach clean-up in June, and in three hours we filled forty bags — enough to cover the whole classroom floor.
3Next, the causes — too few recycling bins and a careless attitude among some visitors. Many people think one bottle does not matter, but when thousands think the same way, the beach becomes a rubbish bin. Finally, the solutions: more recycling bins near the barbecue sites, stricter fines for littering, and a school clean-up team that visits a different beach every month.
4To conclude, a clean beach belongs to all of us, so protecting it is everybody's duty. While preparing, my teacher advised me to speak slowly and clearly and to keep natural eye contact with the audience. Her advice made me feel confident, and I hope my message is just as clear to all of you. Thank you for listening. I would be glad to answer any questions.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Good morning, everyone.
各位，早上好。
My name is Jason, and today I am going to give a short presentation on keeping Hong Kong's beaches clean.
我是 Jason，今天我會做一個簡短演講，題目是保持香港海灘清潔。
I have divided my talk into three parts: first, the problem; next, the causes; and finally, the solutions.
我會將演講分為三部分：第一，問題；第二，成因；最後，解決方法。
After a brief introduction, I will move on to the body of my talk and end with a simple conclusion.
簡單開場之後，我會進入演講主體，最後以一個簡潔的總結作結。
First, the problem: every summer, volunteers collect thousands of bags of rubbish from Repulse Bay alone.
首先講問題：每年夏天，單是淺水灣，義工就撿到幾千袋垃圾。
Plastic bottles, lunch boxes and even broken umbrellas crowd the sand after a single weekend.
一個週末之後，膠樽、飯盒、甚至破了的雨傘就堆滿沙灘。
Last year, my class joined a beach clean-up in June, and in three hours we filled forty bags — enough to cover the whole classroom floor.
去年六月，我們班參加了一次海灘清潔活動，三小時就裝滿了四十袋——多到可以鋪滿整個課室地板。
Next, the causes — too few recycling bins and a careless attitude among some visitors.
接下來講成因——回收箱太少，以及部分遊客的疏忽態度。
Many people think one bottle does not matter, but when thousands think the same way, the beach becomes a rubbish bin.
很多人覺得一個膠樽沒有所謂，但當幾千人都這樣想，沙灘就會變成垃圾桶。
Finally, the solutions: more recycling bins near the barbecue sites, stricter fines for littering, and a school clean-up team that visits a different beach every month.
最後講解決方法：在燒烤場附近加設回收箱、加重亂拋垃圾的罰款，並成立一支學校清潔隊，每個月去不同的海灘。
To conclude, a clean beach belongs to all of us, so protecting it is everybody's duty.
總結：乾淨的海灘屬於我們所有人，所以保護它是每個人的責任。
While preparing, my teacher advised me to speak slowly and clearly and to keep natural eye contact with the audience.
準備演講時，老師建議我講慢些、講清楚些，並保持自然的眼神接觸。
Her advice made me feel confident, and I hope my message is just as clear to all of you.
她的建議令我更有自信，希望我的訊息對大家都一樣清楚。
Thank you for listening.
謝謝大家聆聽。
I would be glad to answer any questions.
我樂意回答任何問題。
1重點摘要 Summary
Intro → Body → Conclusion。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
演講。
開場。
主體。
結尾。
眼神接觸。
自信。
慢慢地。
清楚。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 開場開場三件事：問候 + 自我介紹 + 報結構。舉個例：Jason 說 Good morning… My name is Jason… I have divided my talk into three parts: the problem, the causes, the solutions——聽眾即刻有地圖。
- 主體主體用 First / Next / Finally 帶位，一個 section 一個重點。舉個例：First, the problem… Next, the causes… Finally, the solutions——路標清楚，聽眾不會迷路。
- 結尾結尾升華 + 多謝 + 歡迎提問。舉個例：a clean beach belongs to all of us, so protecting it is everybody's duty… Thank you for listening. I would be glad to answer any questions。
- 技巧表達技巧：speak slowly and clearly + natural eye contact。舉個例：my teacher advised me to speak slowly and clearly and to keep natural eye contact with the audience——慢而清楚先是自信。
- 數據支持用親身數據支持論點。舉個例：in three hours we filled forty bags — enough to cover the whole classroom floor——具體數字加畫面，比「很多垃圾」有力十倍。
- 因果對應原因和解決方案要一一對應。舉個例：too few recycling bins → more bins near the barbecue sites；careless attitude → stricter fines for littering——每個問題都有對應方案。
- 結構複習個人演講結構：Intro（問候 + 名字 + 大綱）→ Body（First / Next / Finally，每段一點 + 數據）→ Conclusion（升華 + 多謝 + Q&A）——全程慢講 + 眼神接觸。
5例題示範 Example
Jason 關於保持海灘清潔的演講示範了演講三段式。拆解他怎樣做 signposting、用數據支持，和收尾技巧。
- 第一步：開場三件事一次過做：問候（Good morning）、自我介紹、報結構——「the problem, the causes, the solutions」，聽眾即刻有地圖。
- 第二步：主體用 First / Next / Finally 帶位，每部分一個重點，聽眾不會迷路。
- 第三步：問題部分用親身數據：三小時撿了四十袋垃圾，多到可以鋪滿整間課室的地板——比空講「很多垃圾」具體。
- 第四步：原因和解決方案一一對應：回收箱不夠 → 燒烤場附近加設回收箱；態度差 → 亂丟加重罰款；還加學校清潔隊每月去一個海灘。
- 第五步：結尾升華（乾淨海灘屬於大家）＋感謝＋歡迎提問；老師貼士：慢些講、眼神接觸自然。
- 答案：Jason 的演講結構完整：開場一次過做齊問候、自我介紹和報大綱——「the problem, the causes, the solutions」，令聽眾有張地圖。主體用 First、Next、Finally 做路標，每部分一個重點。最大優點是用親身數據講問題：一次淨灘三小時撿了四十袋垃圾，多到可以鋪滿整間課室的地板；原因（回收箱少、態度差）和解決方案（加設回收箱、重罰、學校清潔隊）一一對應。結尾由海灘上升到公民責任，再感謝聽眾和歡迎提問。配合慢而清楚、自然眼神接觸這些貼士，就是個人演講的滿分結構。
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
76 題快測 Quick check
Q1演講結構？
Q2開場？
Q3主體？
Q4結尾？
Q5眼神？
Q6語速？
8重點回顧 Recap
- 演講三段式：Intro（問候＋自我介紹＋大綱）→ Body → Conclusion。
- 開場報結構（first, next, finally），聽眾和考官都跟得上。
- 主體用親身經歷和具體數字支持，空講觀點沒有說服力。
- 一個 section 一個重點，原因和解決方案要一一對應。
- 收尾三寶：升華主旨、感謝聽眾、歡迎提問；全程慢講加眼神接觸。