Understanding Charts 圖表理解
進階Understanding Charts.
- 看圖四步：標題 → 軸（單位）→ 圖例 → 趨勢
- 趨勢詞：rise steadily 穩步上升 · peak 頂點 · drop sharply 急跌 · level off 平穩
- 倍數講法：S5 students spend almost twice as much time as S1 students.
文體小知識：Read titles, axes, legends, trends before interpreting data.
§課文原文 Passage
1The chart shows the average weekly screen time of secondary school students in one Hong Kong school. It was produced by the guidance team after a survey of eight hundred students. The horizontal axis represents the six forms, from S1 to S6. The vertical axis shows hours per week, and the legend tells us that the data cover phones, tablets and computers.
2The figures rise steadily from S1 to S5: 15, 18, 22, 25 and 28 hours. S5 students spend almost twice as much time on screens as S1 students. The peak, 28 hours, appears in S5, perhaps because older students use laptops for research and revision. However, the trend changes in S6, when screen time drops sharply to 20 hours because of public exams. Form prefects also note that many students use screens quietly under their desks during lessons.
3The chart suggests an overall increase of 3 hours between S4 and S5, and an average of about 21 hours across all forms. Parents are worried because 28 hours a week is equal to four hours a day. A teacher commented that not all screen time is wasted; online lessons and e-books also count. The question is how to decrease the time spent on scrolling and games. The school plans to run workshops on managing screen habits next term.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
The chart shows the average weekly screen time of secondary school students in one Hong Kong school.
這個圖表顯示香港一間中學學生的平均每週螢幕時間。
It was produced by the guidance team after a survey of eight hundred students.
這個圖表由輔導組在調查八百名學生之後製作。
The horizontal axis represents the six forms, from S1 to S6.
橫軸代表中一到中六六個年級。
The vertical axis shows hours per week, and the legend tells us that the data cover phones, tablets and computers.
縱軸顯示每星期的時數，而圖例說明數據涵蓋手機、平板同電腦。
The figures rise steadily from S1 to S5: 15, 18, 22, 25 and 28 hours.
數字由中一到中五穩步上升：十五、十八、二十二、二十五同二十八個小時。
S5 students spend almost twice as much time on screens as S1 students.
中五學生花在螢幕的時間幾乎是中一學生的兩倍。
The peak, 28 hours, appears in S5, perhaps because older students use laptops for research and revision.
最高峰二十八個小時出現在中五，可能因為高年級學生用電腦做研究同溫習。
However, the trend changes in S6, when screen time drops sharply to 20 hours because of public exams.
不過，趨勢在中六出現變化，螢幕時間因為公開試而急跌至二十個小時。
Form prefects also note that many students use screens quietly under their desks during lessons.
班長亦留意到，不少學生上課時會在桌底偷偷用電子產品。
The chart suggests an overall increase of 3 hours between S4 and S5, and an average of about 21 hours across all forms.
圖表顯示，中四到中五整體增加了三個小時，而各級平均大約是二十一個小時。
Parents are worried because 28 hours a week is equal to four hours a day.
家長很擔心，因為每星期二十八個小時等於每日四個小時。
A teacher commented that not all screen time is wasted; online lessons and e-books also count.
有位老師說，不是所有螢幕時間都是浪費；網課同電子書都計在內。
The question is how to decrease the time spent on scrolling and games.
問題是怎樣減少花在滑手機同打電動的時間。
The school plans to run workshops on managing screen habits next term.
學校計劃下學期舉辦工作坊，教大家管理螢幕習慣。
1重點摘要 Summary
Understanding Charts.
2生字卡 Vocabulary
圖表。
座標軸。
圖例。
趨勢。
上升。
下降。
高峰。
平均。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 標題考點：圖表題第一問常考標題的資訊功能，標題讀錯則全題皆錯，讀圖次序本身便是考核對象。方法：從標題拆出對象、指標與單位三項要素，三項未明之前不看任何數據。例如：本圖標題為 average weekly screen time of secondary school students，一句已交代對象是中學生、指標是每週屏幕使用時間；連同單位 hours per week，讀者未見任何數字已建立解讀框架。易錯處：考生常急於讀數字而忽略標題限定的範圍，把每週時數誤當每日時數；讀圖次序錯亂是圖表題的首要失分原因，先題後數，次序不可倒轉。
- 軸考點：座標軸考查讀圖的基本功，橫軸縱軸各代表什麼必須先行弄清，單位意識是評分暗點。方法：分別確認 horizontal axis 與 vertical axis 的內容與單位，確認無誤後才開始讀數。例如：本圖 horizontal axis 列出六個級別 S1 至 S6，vertical axis 顯示 hours per week，即每週小時數；不知道單位，數字便毫無意義，解讀無從談起。易錯處：考生常把兩軸對調，把級別當作時數，或忽略軸上的單位標註；答題時先寫明兩軸各是什麼，是穩取基礎分的固定習慣。
- 圖例考點：legend 圖例考查對數據覆蓋範圍的認識，忽略圖例便可能誤讀每條線或每個色塊的意義，屬讀圖三步曲之一。方法：讀圖第三步看圖例，確認圖中每種顏色或符號各代表什麼類別。例如：本圖 legend 說明數據涵蓋 phones、tablets 與 computers 三類裝置，即圖中時數是三者的總和，而非任何單一裝置的用量。易錯處：考生常把總數誤當某類裝置的用量，或在多線圖中認錯顏色對應的類別；圖例是圖表的說明書，三十秒的閱讀可以避免整題的誤解，切勿跳過。
- 趨勢考點：描述趨勢是圖表閱讀與寫作的雙重考點，趨勢詞運用是否準確直接影響分數，詞彙分級是學習重點。方法：掌握基本趨勢詞並與數據幅度正確配對：平穩上升用 rise steadily，頂點用 peak，急跌用 drop sharply。例如：本圖 The figures rise steadily from 15 hours in S1 to 28 hours in S5，其後 S6 drop sharply to 20 hours，平穩上升、見頂、急跌，三個階段各用其詞。易錯處：考生常一律寫 go up、go down，毫無程度分級；又或把 drop sharply 誤用於輕微回落，程度失真，趨勢詞必須與數據幅度匹配。
- 課文數據考點：圖表題答案必須落實到具體數字，數據記錯是內容分的主要漏洞，數列覆核是最後防線。方法：把核心數列抄成清單，作答後逐一覆核。例如：本圖 S1 至 S5 依次為 15、18、22、25、28 小時，S6 回落至 20 小時，全體平均約 21 小時；另須記住 S5 差不多是 S1 的兩倍，即 almost twice as much，倍數關係亦是常考點。易錯處：考生常把 28 與 20 對調，或忘記 S6 是回落而非繼續上升；五個數字用一分鐘覆核一次，勝過整題重寫，覆核習慣必須養成。
- 倍數比較考點：倍數與換算句式是圖表描述的加分位，能寫出比較句者立意明顯高一層，句式準確度同時計分。方法：掌握 twice as much as 一類倍數結構，並學會把每週數字換算為每日，令抽象數字變得可感。例如：可寫 S5 students spend almost twice as much time on screens as S1 students，S5 學生的屏幕時間幾乎是 S1 的兩倍；再換算 28 hours a week 約等於 four hours a day，數字即變得容易想象。易錯處：考生常把 twice 寫成 two times more，程度誇大一倍；換算時亦常漏寫單位，句式與單位都必須精確。
- 因果要小心考點：相關不等於因果是圖表題的思辨考點，斷言原因必須有文本依據，無據因果是最典型的過度推論。方法：只有文中明言的原因才可直接引用，並標明出處；文中未提的解釋最多以 perhaps 一類字眼帶過。例如：S6 數字下跌，課文提供的原因是 public exams，公開試臨近令屏幕時間下降，此因果有據可引；至於 prefects 觀察到堂上有人偷偷使用手機，只是補充現象，不可當作下跌的原因。易錯處：考生常自行編造原因，例如推斷學生厭倦手機；無據的因果必須避免，寧可只述趨勢，也不要勉強解釋。
5例題示範 Example
根據課文個 screen time 圖表，用趨勢詞描述：S1 至 S5 的 screen time 點變？S6 又怎樣？平均是多少？
- 第一步：先講標題和軸——average weekly screen time，vertical axis = hours per week。
- 第二步：描述上升——The figures rise steadily from 15 hours in S1 to 28 hours in S5.
- 第三步：用倍數比較——S5 students spend almost twice as much time on screens as S1 students.
- 第四步：描述頂點和回落——The peak is 28 in S5, but in S6 it drops sharply to 20 because of public exams.
- 第五步：總結平均——The average is about 21 hours across all forms.
- 答案：The chart shows the average weekly screen time of secondary students. The figures rise steadily from 15 hours in S1 to a peak of 28 hours in S5, which means S5 students spend almost twice as much time on screens as S1 students — perhaps because they use laptops for research and revision. However, the trend changes in S6, when screen time drops sharply to 20 hours because of the public exams. Overall, the average is about 21 hours a week.
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
79 題快測 Quick check
Q1讀 chart 第一步？
Q2Line graph 用來？
Q3Pie chart 用來？
Q4Bar chart 用來？
Q5「rise sharply」？
Q6「level off」？
Q7When is the peak?
Q8How many hours in S6?
Q9Does screen time rise from S1 to S5?
8重點回顧 Recap
- 看圖四步：標題 → 軸（單位）→ 圖例 → 趨勢
- 趨勢詞：rise steadily 穩步上升 · peak 頂點 · drop sharply 急跌 · level off 平穩
- 倍數講法：S5 students spend almost twice as much time as S1 students.
- 數據換算令人有感覺：28 hours a week = four hours a day
- 相關不等於因果——原因要有證據（public exams）