Understanding Charts 图表理解
进阶Understanding Charts.
- 看图四步：标题 → 轴（单位）→ 图例 → 趋势
- 趋势词：rise steadily 稳步上升 · peak 顶点 · drop sharply 急跌 · level off 平稳
- 倍数讲法：S5 students spend almost twice as much time as S1 students.
文体小知识：Read titles, axes, legends, trends before interpreting data.
§课文原文 Passage
1The chart shows the average weekly screen time of secondary school students in one Hong Kong school. It was produced by the guidance team after a survey of eight hundred students. The horizontal axis represents the six forms, from S1 to S6. The vertical axis shows hours per week, and the legend tells us that the data cover phones, tablets and computers.
2The figures rise steadily from S1 to S5: 15, 18, 22, 25 and 28 hours. S5 students spend almost twice as much time on screens as S1 students. The peak, 28 hours, appears in S5, perhaps because older students use laptops for research and revision. However, the trend changes in S6, when screen time drops sharply to 20 hours because of public exams. Form prefects also note that many students use screens quietly under their desks during lessons.
3The chart suggests an overall increase of 3 hours between S4 and S5, and an average of about 21 hours across all forms. Parents are worried because 28 hours a week is equal to four hours a day. A teacher commented that not all screen time is wasted; online lessons and e-books also count. The question is how to decrease the time spent on scrolling and games. The school plans to run workshops on managing screen habits next term.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
The chart shows the average weekly screen time of secondary school students in one Hong Kong school.
这个图表显示香港一间中学学生的平均每周萤幕时间。
It was produced by the guidance team after a survey of eight hundred students.
这个图表由辅导组在调查八百名学生之后制作。
The horizontal axis represents the six forms, from S1 to S6.
横轴代表中一到中六六个年级。
The vertical axis shows hours per week, and the legend tells us that the data cover phones, tablets and computers.
纵轴显示每星期的时数，而图例说明数据涵盖手机、平板同电脑。
The figures rise steadily from S1 to S5: 15, 18, 22, 25 and 28 hours.
数字由中一到中五稳步上升：十五、十八、二十二、二十五同二十八个小时。
S5 students spend almost twice as much time on screens as S1 students.
中五学生花在萤幕的时间几乎是中一学生的两倍。
The peak, 28 hours, appears in S5, perhaps because older students use laptops for research and revision.
最高峰二十八个小时出现在中五，可能因为高年级学生用电脑做研究同温习。
However, the trend changes in S6, when screen time drops sharply to 20 hours because of public exams.
不过，趋势在中六出现变化，萤幕时间因为公开试而急跌至二十个小时。
Form prefects also note that many students use screens quietly under their desks during lessons.
班长亦留意到，不少学生上课时会在桌底偷偷用电子产品。
The chart suggests an overall increase of 3 hours between S4 and S5, and an average of about 21 hours across all forms.
图表显示，中四到中五整体增加了三个小时，而各级平均大约是二十一个小时。
Parents are worried because 28 hours a week is equal to four hours a day.
家长很担心，因为每星期二十八个小时等于每日四个小时。
A teacher commented that not all screen time is wasted; online lessons and e-books also count.
有位老师说，不是所有萤幕时间都是浪费；网课同电子书都计在内。
The question is how to decrease the time spent on scrolling and games.
问题是怎样减少花在滑手机同打电动的时间。
The school plans to run workshops on managing screen habits next term.
学校计划下学期举办工作坊，教大家管理萤幕习惯。
1重点摘要 Summary
Understanding Charts.
2生字卡 Vocabulary
图表。
座标轴。
图例。
趋势。
上升。
下降。
高峰。
平均。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 标题考点：图表题第一问常考标题的资讯功能，标题读错则全题皆错，读图次序本身便是考核对象。方法：从标题拆出对象、指标与单位三项要素，三项未明之前不看任何数据。例如：本图标题为 average weekly screen time of secondary school students，一句已交代对象是中学生、指标是每周屏幕使用时间；连同单位 hours per week，读者未见任何数字已建立解读框架。易错处：考生常急于读数字而忽略标题限定的范围，把每周时数误当每日时数；读图次序错乱是图表题的首要失分原因，先题后数，次序不可倒转。
- 轴考点：座标轴考查读图的基本功，横轴纵轴各代表什么必须先行弄清，单位意识是评分暗点。方法：分别确认 horizontal axis 与 vertical axis 的内容与单位，确认无误后才开始读数。例如：本图 horizontal axis 列出六个级别 S1 至 S6，vertical axis 显示 hours per week，即每周小时数；不知道单位，数字便毫无意义，解读无从谈起。易错处：考生常把两轴对调，把级别当作时数，或忽略轴上的单位标注；答题时先写明两轴各是什么，是稳取基础分的固定习惯。
- 图例考点：legend 图例考查对数据覆盖范围的认识，忽略图例便可能误读每条线或每个色块的意义，属读图三步曲之一。方法：读图第三步看图例，确认图中每种颜色或符号各代表什么类别。例如：本图 legend 说明数据涵盖 phones、tablets 与 computers 三类装置，即图中时数是三者的总和，而非任何单一装置的用量。易错处：考生常把总数误当某类装置的用量，或在多线图中认错颜色对应的类别；图例是图表的说明书，三十秒的阅读可以避免整题的误解，切勿跳过。
- 趋势考点：描述趋势是图表阅读与写作的双重考点，趋势词运用是否准确直接影响分数，词汇分级是学习重点。方法：掌握基本趋势词并与数据幅度正确配对：平稳上升用 rise steadily，顶点用 peak，急跌用 drop sharply。例如：本图 The figures rise steadily from 15 hours in S1 to 28 hours in S5，其后 S6 drop sharply to 20 hours，平稳上升、见顶、急跌，三个阶段各用其词。易错处：考生常一律写 go up、go down，毫无程度分级；又或把 drop sharply 误用于轻微回落，程度失真，趋势词必须与数据幅度匹配。
- 课文数据考点：图表题答案必须落实到具体数字，数据记错是内容分的主要漏洞，数列覆核是最后防线。方法：把核心数列抄成清单，作答后逐一覆核。例如：本图 S1 至 S5 依次为 15、18、22、25、28 小时，S6 回落至 20 小时，全体平均约 21 小时；另须记住 S5 差不多是 S1 的两倍，即 almost twice as much，倍数关系亦是常考点。易错处：考生常把 28 与 20 对调，或忘记 S6 是回落而非继续上升；五个数字用一分钟覆核一次，胜过整题重写，覆核习惯必须养成。
- 倍数比较考点：倍数与换算句式是图表描述的加分位，能写出比较句者立意明显高一层，句式准确度同时计分。方法：掌握 twice as much as 一类倍数结构，并学会把每周数字换算为每日，令抽象数字变得可感。例如：可写 S5 students spend almost twice as much time on screens as S1 students，S5 学生的屏幕时间几乎是 S1 的两倍；再换算 28 hours a week 约等于 four hours a day，数字即变得容易想象。易错处：考生常把 twice 写成 two times more，程度夸大一倍；换算时亦常漏写单位，句式与单位都必须精确。
- 因果要小心考点：相关不等于因果是图表题的思辨考点，断言原因必须有文本依据，无据因果是最典型的过度推论。方法：只有文中明言的原因才可直接引用，并标明出处；文中未提的解释最多以 perhaps 一类字眼带过。例如：S6 数字下跌，课文提供的原因是 public exams，公开试临近令屏幕时间下降，此因果有据可引；至于 prefects 观察到堂上有人偷偷使用手机，只是补充现象，不可当作下跌的原因。易错处：考生常自行编造原因，例如推断学生厌倦手机；无据的因果必须避免，宁可只述趋势，也不要勉强解释。
5例题示范 Example
根据课文个 screen time 图表，用趋势词描述：S1 至 S5 的 screen time 点变？S6 又怎样？平均是多少？
- 第一步：先讲标题和轴——average weekly screen time，vertical axis = hours per week。
- 第二步：描述上升——The figures rise steadily from 15 hours in S1 to 28 hours in S5.
- 第三步：用倍数比较——S5 students spend almost twice as much time on screens as S1 students.
- 第四步：描述顶点和回落——The peak is 28 in S5, but in S6 it drops sharply to 20 because of public exams.
- 第五步：总结平均——The average is about 21 hours across all forms.
- 答案：The chart shows the average weekly screen time of secondary students. The figures rise steadily from 15 hours in S1 to a peak of 28 hours in S5, which means S5 students spend almost twice as much time on screens as S1 students — perhaps because they use laptops for research and revision. However, the trend changes in S6, when screen time drops sharply to 20 hours because of the public exams. Overall, the average is about 21 hours a week.
6常见错误 Mistakes
79 题快测 Quick check
Q1读 chart 第一步？
Q2Line graph 用来？
Q3Pie chart 用来？
Q4Bar chart 用来？
Q5「rise sharply」？
Q6「level off」？
Q7When is the peak?
Q8How many hours in S6?
Q9Does screen time rise from S1 to S5?
8重点回顾 Recap
- 看图四步：标题 → 轴（单位）→ 图例 → 趋势
- 趋势词：rise steadily 稳步上升 · peak 顶点 · drop sharply 急跌 · level off 平稳
- 倍数讲法：S5 students spend almost twice as much time as S1 students.
- 数据换算令人有感觉：28 hours a week = four hours a day
- 相关不等于因果——原因要有证据（public exams）