Guessing New Words 閱讀：猜生字技巧
進階不要逐個生字查字典——用上文下理、訊號字和字首字尾作出聰明猜測。
- 猜字三步：看前後文 → 拆字首字尾 → 代入原句檢查
- 同義訊號：or、means、i.e.；反義訊號：but、however、although
- 字首字尾：un-（不）· -ful（充滿）· -less（沒有）· -er（做那件事的人）
文體小知識：Never stop at a new word.
§課文原文 Passage
1Mr Chan is a frugal man who lives in our estate. He never spends money on expensive things. He repairs his own shoes with glue and thread. He takes a bus even when it rains, although he could easily take a taxi. He grows vegetables on his balcony and picks up old furniture from the street. His neighbours think he is strange, and the children sometimes laugh at his old shirt.
2But Mr Chan does not care about their comments. Every month, he puts part of his salary into the bank. He brings his own water bottle and cooks simple meals at home. 'Things break. Money disappears. But knowledge and time stay with you,' he always says. His only luxury is a second-hand dictionary that he bought thirty years ago. He reads it every night, because books, he says, are the cheapest way to travel.
3Last month, the whole neighbourhood learned the truth about Mr Chan. He has saved enough to retire early, and he donated one million dollars to the children's library in our district. Now people greet him politely in the lift, and some even ask him for advice about saving money. He says, 'Money is useful, but time is more valuable. Spend both carefully.'
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Mr Chan is a frugal man who lives in our estate.
陳先生是個很省儉的人，住在我們屋苑。
He never spends money on expensive things.
他從來不會花錢買貴東西。
He repairs his own shoes with glue and thread.
他會自己用膠水同線補鞋。
He takes a bus even when it rains, although he could easily take a taxi.
就算下雨他都搭巴士，雖然他大可以乘的士。
He grows vegetables on his balcony and picks up old furniture from the street.
他在露台種菜，還會在街邊撿舊傢俬。
His neighbours think he is strange, and the children sometimes laugh at his old shirt.
那些鄰居覺得他很古怪，小朋友有時還笑他的舊恤衫。
But Mr Chan does not care about their comments.
不過陳先生一點都不介懷別人怎麼說。
Every month, he puts part of his salary into the bank.
他每個月都會將部分薪金存入銀行。
He brings his own water bottle and cooks simple meals at home.
他會自己帶水樽，在家煮些簡單飯菜。
'Things break. Money disappears. But knowledge and time stay with you,' he always says.
他常常說：「物件會爛，錢會花光，但知識同時間會一直留在你身邊。」
His only luxury is a second-hand dictionary that he bought thirty years ago.
他唯一的奢侈品，就是三十年前買的一本二手字典。
He reads it every night, because books, he says, are the cheapest way to travel.
他每晚都會看，因為他說書是最便宜的旅行方式。
Last month, the whole neighbourhood learned the truth about Mr Chan.
上個月，整個屋苑的人都知道了有關陳先生的真相。
He has saved enough to retire early, and he donated one million dollars to the children's library in our district.
他存了足夠的錢可以提早退休，還捐了一百萬給我們區的兒童圖書館。
Now people greet him politely in the lift, and some even ask him for advice about saving money.
現在的人在電梯見到他都會有禮貌地打招呼，有些還問他省錢心得。
He says, 'Money is useful, but time is more valuable. Spend both carefully.'
他說：「錢很有用，但時間更寶貴。兩樣都要小心運用。」
1重點摘要 Summary
不要逐個生字查字典——用上文下理、訊號字和字首字尾作出聰明猜測。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
前後的字句。
憑上下文猜測。
詞的核心部分。
Un-, re-, dis-。
-ly, -tion, -er。
意思相同。
意思相反。
用來查生字。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 看上下文生字前後句就是字典：Mr Chan is a frugal man who lives in our estate. He never spends money on expensive things.——never spends money 即刻解釋 frugal＝省儉。
- 拆字Prefix + root + suffix：un-（不）· -ful（充滿）· -less（沒有）· -er（做那件事的人）：useful、careless。second-hand 拆開兩半就是『二手』。
- 對比同義訊號 or / means；反義訊號 but / however。課文：Money disappears. But knowledge and time stay with you——but 前後意思相反。
- 反義線索although 後面轉方向：He takes a bus even when it rains, although he could easily take a taxi——有錢乘的士都不搭，frugal 的程度即刻浮現。
- 定義子句who / which 開頭的子句很多時是定義：a frugal man who never spends money——作者親自解釋給你聽。e.g. / i.e. 都是定義訊號：metal, e.g. iron and gold——舉例即刻示範個類別——見到 e.g. 就預備接收例子，生字意思多數就在例中。
- 代入檢查估完代入原句：Mr Chan is a frugal man → Mr Chan is a careful-with-money man. 通順就對，不通順就再估。估極都不明先查字典，查完抄一次例句——生字簿一星期翻一次，先不會全部還給老師；抄例句時順手讀出聲，記憶更加深。
- 繼續讀不用逢字必查字典——keep reading 不打斷思路；關鍵生字通常後面會自己解釋，因為作者怕你不明。生字影響答題先處理：題目問那句有生字才拆；無關係的照跳——時間要用在刀刃上，才追得回進度。
4圖解 Diagrams
5例題示範 Example
課文第一句：Mr Chan is a frugal man who never spends money on expensive things. 不查字典，你估到 frugal 是什麼意思嗎？講出你的推理步驟。
- 第一步：看生字後面的子句——who never spends money on expensive things（不用買貴東西）。
- 第二步：再收集例子——下雨都搭巴士不乘的士、自己用膠水補鞋、在露台種菜。
- 第三步：判斷詞性和方向——形容詞，形容一個人使錢的習慣。
- 第四步：用同義字測試——frugal ≈ careful with money（使錢謹慎）。
- 第五步：代入原句檢查——a frugal man = 一個省儉的人，通順合理。
- 答案：frugal 即是省儉、使錢謹慎。推理路線：who never spends money on expensive things 直接解釋了它；後面還有例子支持——下雨搭巴士、自己補鞋、每個月將部分人工入銀行。用上文下理估到大概意思就繼續讀，不用逐個字查字典，閱讀速度才夠快。
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
78 題快測 Quick check
Q1What helps you guess a word?
Q2What is a prefix?
Q3What is a synonym?
Q4What is an antonym?
Q5What does -ly make?
Q6What does "frugal" mean?
Q7Give an example of frugal.
Q8What did he save?
8重點回顧 Recap
- 猜字三步：看前後文 → 拆字首字尾 → 代入原句檢查
- 同義訊號：or、means、i.e.；反義訊號：but、however、although
- 字首字尾：un-（不）· -ful（充滿）· -less（沒有）· -er（做那件事的人）
- 課文例子：frugal 由 who never spends money… 推出『省儉』
- 不用逢字必查——keep reading，不要打斷理解思路