Reading Graphics 读图表
进阶标题 → 轴 → 图例 → 趋势。
- 读图四步:标题 → 轴(单位)→ 图例 → 趋势。
- 单位陷阱:million、percent、千人,读错全题错。
- 不要只看最高最低,要讲趋势:连升、连跌还是大幅波动。
文体小知识:Charts and tables.
§课文原文 Passage
1Chart: Hong Kong Population. The bar chart shows how the population of Hong Kong changed between 2020 and 2024. In 2020, the population stood at 7.50 million. It fell to 7.41 million in 2021, and then to 7.34 million in 2022. In 2023 the figure was 7.27 million. By 2024, it had dropped further to 7.20 million. The figures come from a recent study.
2In other words, the population has been dropping for five years. The biggest drop was between 2020 and 2021, when about ninety thousand people left the city. After that, the decline became slightly gentler, but the downward trend continued. Experts say emigration and low birth rates are the main causes. A line showing the average of the past ten years would make the fall even clearer.
3Many young families moved abroad, while fewer babies were born each year. Some parents delay having children because of high housing costs and long working hours. The trend worries schools, which now face shrinking classes and even closures. Shops and restaurants also feel the effect, as there are fewer customers to serve. If you read the chart carefully, the message is clear: action is needed.
4The government has promised to attract talent from overseas. However, experts warn that such measures take time to show results. When reading a graph, always check the title, the axes and the units first. These small details help you avoid misreading the data. A good chart tells a story faster than a page of writing. Numbers may look boring, but behind them are real people and real choices.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Chart: Hong Kong Population.
图表:香港人口。
The bar chart shows how the population of Hong Kong changed between 2020 and 2024.
这个柱状图显示香港人口在 2020 至 2024 年间的变化。
In 2020, the population stood at 7.50 million.
2020 年,人口是 750 万。
It fell to 7.41 million in 2021, and then to 7.34 million in 2022.
2021 年跌到 741 万,2022 年再跌到 734 万。
In 2023 the figure was 7.27 million.
2023 年的数字是 727 万。
By 2024, it had dropped further to 7.20 million.
到 2024 年,更进一步跌到 720 万。
The figures come from a recent study.
这些数字来自一项近期研究。
In other words, the population has been dropping for five years.
换句话说,人口已经连续跌了五年。
The biggest drop was between 2020 and 2021, when about ninety thousand people left the city.
跌幅最大是 2020 至 2021 年之间,大约九万人离开了香港。
After that, the decline became slightly gentler, but the downward trend continued.
之后跌幅稍为放缓,但向下的趋势持续。
Experts say emigration and low birth rates are the main causes.
专家说移民与低出生率是主因。
A line showing the average of the past ten years would make the fall even clearer.
如果加一条线显示过去十年平均数,跌幅会更清楚。
Many young families moved abroad, while fewer babies were born each year.
许多年轻家庭移居外地,同时每年出生的婴儿愈来愈少。
Some parents delay having children because of high housing costs and long working hours.
有些父母因为楼价高、工时长而推迟生育。
The trend worries schools, which now face shrinking classes and even closures.
这个趋势令学校担心,现在要面对缩班甚至停办。
Shops and restaurants also feel the effect, as there are fewer customers to serve.
商店与餐厅都感受到影响,因为客人少了。
If you read the chart carefully, the message is clear: action is needed.
如果你仔细看这个图表,讯息很清楚:要采取行动。
The government has promised to attract talent from overseas.
政府已经承诺吸引海外人才。
However, experts warn that such measures take time to show results.
不过专家警告,这些措施要时间才能见到成效。
When reading a graph, always check the title, the axes and the units first.
看图表时,永远先看标题、座标轴与单位。
These small details help you avoid misreading the data.
这些细节可以帮你避免看错数据。
A good chart tells a story faster than a page of writing.
一个好的图表比一页文字更快讲出故事。
Numbers may look boring, but behind them are real people and real choices.
数字可能枯燥,但背后是真人与真实的选择。
1重点摘要 Summary
标题 → 轴 → 图例 → 趋势。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
图表。
图。
表格。
轴。
图例。
趋势。
数据。
标签。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 标题读图表第一步是读标题,考点是先确认图表主题与资料来源。方法是把标题、副题与注脚都扫一遍。以课文为例,这幅棒形图题为 Hong Kong Population 2020-2024,数据来自一项近期研究,来源是否可靠须先查证。易错之处是学生跳过标题直接读数字,连图表讲什么都不知道便开始计算;标题决定解读框架,来源决定可信程度,两者都是答题时可以引用的资讯,扫标题只须数秒,收益却是全局。
- 轴第二步是读轴,考点是单位辨认,这是图表题最大的失分位。方法先看横轴纵轴各代表什么,再确认单位。以课文为例:横轴是年份,纵轴以 million 为单位,7.50 即七百五十万人;million、percent 与千人是三个常见陷阱。易错之处是学生把 million 读成万,数字放大十倍,整题答案全错;单位一错,后面的趋势描述与计算全部作废,读轴的几秒钟绝不能省,这是最便宜的保险。
- 图例图例说明每种颜色或图案代表哪组数据,考点是对号入座。方法是在读任何数字之前,先将每条棒与图例逐一配对。以课文为例,单一组数据的棒形图较简单,但双组数据的图表若选错颜色,便会答成另一组资料,全题作废。易错之处是学生假设左边永远是第一组数据;不同图表的排列未必一致,配对图例是唯一的保险做法,尤其在男女、新旧、本地与外地对照的图表之中,颜色配错便南辕北辙。
- 趋势第三步是读趋势,考点不是只找最高最低,而是描述整体方向与变化节奏。方法是逐年比较数字。以课文为例:人口由 7.50、7.41、7.34、7.27 逐年降至 7.20 百万,连续五年向下;最大跌幅出现在二零二零至二零二一年,约九万人离开,其后放缓但方向不变。易错之处是学生只答有升有跌或大致向下,忽略跌势先急后缓的节奏变化;趋势描述包括方向、幅度与节奏三个层次,答题时三项兼顾。
- 找焦点图表故事的焦点通常是最大变化所在,考点是把数据与文字解释接驳。方法是先锁定变化最陡的年份,再到文中找原因。以课文为例,跌幅最急的二零二零至二零二一年正是考点所在,文中解释原因为移民与低出生率,并以学校缩班、商户少客说明影响。易错之处是学生只会读数不会说故事;图表问的是 so what,数字背后的原因与影响才是进阶题目的答案所在,读图的最终目的是读懂故事。
- 数字背后高阶图表题要求读出数字背后的现实意义,考点是把统计联系到生活。方法是把数据变化逐项对应到具体场景。以课文为例:人口下降意味着学校面对缩班甚至停办,餐厅少了一批顾客,年轻家庭因楼价与工时延迟生育;图表与文字合读,才能读懂完整故事。易错之处是学生答题只罗列数字,没有阐述意义;数据与现实之间的桥梁正是高分答案与普通答案的分界,练习时宜多问一句这意味着什么。
- 答题格式趋势题的答题格式是方向加数据,考点是答案的完整性。方法是先讲方向,再引具体数字与年份。以课文为例:The population fell from 7.50 million to 7.20 million between 2020 and 2024,方向、起点、终点、时段一应俱全,才是满分写法。易错之处是学生只写人口下跌,没有数据支持;评卷准则通常要求数字证据,空讲方向只取得一半分数,引用数据的习惯须在练习中养成,宁多引一个数字,不可空口讲白话。
5例题示范 Example
用「标题 → 轴 → 趋势 → 数据」四步读这个香港人口棒形图,讲出 2020 至 2024 年的整体趋势和最大变化。
- 第一步:标题讲明主题:香港人口 2020-2024;同时留意数据来源是否可靠。
- 第二步:看轴:X 轴是年份,Y 轴以百万为单位,7.50 即 750 万,不要读错单位。
- 第三步:趋势:7.50 → 7.41 → 7.34 → 7.27 → 7.20 百万,连续五年向下。
- 第四步:最大变化:2020 至 2021 跌得最多(约九万人离开),之后放缓但方向不变。
- 第五步:读背后故事:移民加低出生率是原因;学校缩班、商户少客是影响。
- 答案:第一步看标题:棒形图讲香港人口 2020 至 2024 变化,并留意数据来源。第二步看轴:X 轴年份,Y 轴以百万为单位,7.50 即 750 万,不要读错。第三步看趋势:人口由 7.50 百万连跌至 7.20 百万,五年减少约三十万。第四步找重点:最大跌幅在 2020 至 2021 年,约九万人离开,之后放缓但方向不变。原因是移民加低出生率,影响是学校缩班、商户少客。读图四步——标题、轴、趋势、数据——一分钟讲完整个故事。
6常见错误 Mistakes
79 题快测 Quick check
Q1读图表先看什么?
Q2横轴纵轴?
Q3图例?
Q4趋势?
Q5数据?
Q6技巧?
Q7人口在上升吗?
Q82023 年是多少?
Q9趋势是怎样?
8重点回顾 Recap
- 读图四步:标题 → 轴(单位)→ 图例 → 趋势。
- 单位陷阱:million、percent、千人,读错全题错。
- 不要只看最高最低,要讲趋势:连升、连跌还是大幅波动。
- 找最大变化位(跌幅最大那年),才是数据故事的焦点。
- 数字背后有人:查来源、问原因、想影响,才算读得懂。