Formal Letter 正式書信
進階正式信用 Dear + Yours sincerely/faithfully。
- 格式:地址 + 日期 + 收件人
- 知道的名字:Dear Mr. X + Yours sincerely
- 不知的名字:Dear Sir/Madam + Yours faithfully
文體小知識:To school/office.
§課文原文 Passage
1Dear Principal Cheung, On behalf of the Student Union, I am writing to make a formal request to hold a charity book fair in the school hall. The event is scheduled for Saturday, 14 November, from ten in the morning to four in the afternoon, and we hope that your approval will allow us to begin preparations next week.
2As environmental protection has become a major concern in our community, we believe the fair will encourage students to reuse books instead of throwing them away. Every year, thousands of books in good condition are left unread at home, while many families cannot afford to buy new ones. A book fair offers a simple solution: students and teachers can donate the books they no longer need, and visitors can take them home for a small donation.
3All proceeds will be donated to a local charity that supports children from low-income families. Students from each class will take turns to run the stalls under the supervision of their class teachers, and two teachers have already agreed to act as overall coordinators. A detailed plan, including the stall layout and the duty roster, is attached for your reference.
4We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal by the end of this month, so that we have enough time to collect the books and design the posters. Should you require further information, please contact me at any time. Thank you very much for your time and support. Yours sincerely, Wong Hoi Ming, Chairperson of the Student Union
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Dear Principal Cheung, On behalf of the Student Union, I am writing to make a formal request to hold a charity book fair in the school hall.
張校長台鑒:我謹代表學生會去信,正式申請在學校禮堂舉辦慈善書展。
The event is scheduled for Saturday, 14 November, from ten in the morning to four in the afternoon, and we hope that your approval will allow us to begin preparations next week.
活動定在 11 月 14 日(星期六)上午十時至下午四時舉行,希望校長批准,讓我們下星期就可以開始籌備。
As environmental protection has become a major concern in our community, we believe the fair will encourage students to reuse books instead of throwing them away.
由於環境保護已經成為社區關注的重大議題,我們相信書展可以鼓勵同學重用舊書,而不是把它們丟棄。
Every year, thousands of books in good condition are left unread at home, while many families cannot afford to buy new ones.
每年都有成千上萬本狀態良好的書閒置在家沒有人看,與此同時,許多家庭負擔不起買新書。
A book fair offers a simple solution: students and teachers can donate the books they no longer need, and visitors can take them home for a small donation.
書展提供了一個簡單的解決方法:師生可以捐出不再需要的書,訪客亦可以捐一點錢將書帶回家。
All proceeds will be donated to a local charity that supports children from low-income families.
所有收益將會捐給一間本地慈善機構,支援低收入家庭的小朋友。
Students from each class will take turns to run the stalls under the supervision of their class teachers, and two teachers have already agreed to act as overall coordinators.
每班同學會在老師監督下輪流打理攤位,另外有兩位老師已經答應擔任總協調。
A detailed plan, including the stall layout and the duty roster, is attached for your reference.
詳細計劃,包括攤位佈置與值更表,已經附上,供校長參考。
We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal by the end of this month, so that we have enough time to collect the books and design the posters.
如果校長可以在月底前批准我們的建議,我們將不勝感激,這樣我們就有足夠時間收書和設計海報。
Should you require further information, please contact me at any time.
如需進一步資料,請隨時聯絡我。
Thank you very much for your time and support.
非常感謝校長的時間和支持。
Yours sincerely, Wong Hoi Ming, Chairperson of the Student Union
學生會主席 黃海明 謹啟
1重點摘要 Summary
正式信用 Dear + Yours sincerely/faithfully。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
禮貌、專業,不用口語。
寫信那個人。
收信那個人。
開頭怎樣稱呼對方。
一句話說明信的內容。
知道對方的名字才使用。
不知道對方的名字才使用。
寫信的態度,正式信要禮貌。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 第一步:格式(Format)正式書信的格式分最容易取得,也最容易因疏忽而失去。考點是三項必備元素:寄件人地址置於右上角,日期在其下,收件人地址置於左上角。方法是把三項寫成固定清單,落筆前逐一核對。以本課申請書展的信為例,格式齊全令閱信人一開始便感到專業。易錯之處是學生漏寫日期或把兩個地址的位置調轉;格式分是卷面分,漏一項扣一項,切不可輕視,開筆前先畫好版面。
- 第二步:稱謂(Salutation)稱謂是正式書信最常考的位置,考點在於按是否知道對方姓名選用正確開頭。方法分兩路:知道姓名用 Dear Mr. Wong 或 Dear Ms. Chan;不知道姓名用 Dear Sir / Madam。以課文為例,信寫給校長而知道其姓名,故用 Dear Principal Cheung。易錯之處是學生在不知姓名時仍自行杜撰稱謂,或在知道姓名時誤用 Dear Sir or Madam;稱謂一錯,結尾語也會跟著錯,損失是連環的。
- 第三步:標題(Subject)正式書信通常在稱謂之下加一行 Subject,考點在於以一句話概括來信目的,方便對方快速掌握。方法是用名詞短語而非完整句,例如 Subject: Application for Charity Book Fair,一眼可見信件主題。易錯之處是學生把 Subject 寫成長句,甚至整行遺漏;標題行是正式書信與普通信件的重要區別,題目若要求正式格式,漏寫 Subject 往往被扣格式分,寫信時應養成先擬標題的習慣。
- 第四步:開首段開首段必須立刻講明寫信目的,考點在於第一句便讓對方知道來意。方法是用 I am writing to... 或 I would like to... 開頭,配合具體事項。以課文為例:I am writing to make a formal request to hold a charity book fair,目的與事項一句講清。易錯之處是學生先寫一大段背景鋪墊,目的到第二段才出現;正式書信講求直接,開首繞圈子會令重點模糊,亦浪費寶貴字數。
- 第五步:正文(Body)正文一般二至三段,考點在於分段清晰、每段一個重點。方法是第一段講目的,第二段講細節,包括時間、地點與安排,第三段講請求或期望。以課文為例,理由、安排與附屬計劃分段交代,條理分明。易錯之處是學生把所有內容擠在一段,或一段之內夾雜多個話題,令閱信人難以跟隨;落筆前先列大綱,每段開首一句點明該段重點,正文自然整齊可讀。
- 第六步:結尾和結語結尾與結語是格式考點的最後一關。方法是先以 Thank you for your time and consideration 致謝,再按稱謂選結尾語:知道對方姓名用 Yours sincerely,不知道用 Yours faithfully,最後簽名並寫出姓名。以課文為例,因信首已用 Dear Principal Cheung,故結尾用 Yours sincerely。易錯之處是學生把兩種結尾語調轉使用;記憶方法是 faithfully 配匿名收信人,開頭與結尾必須互相呼應。
5例題示範 Example
用範例信做參考:寫信給校長申請在禮堂辦慈善書展,正文應該怎樣組織才能說服校長?
- 第一步:開首段講目的——「I am writing to make a formal request to hold a charity book fair」,一句講清申請什麼、哪一天舉行。
- 第二步:第二段講理由——環保大前提下,每年大量好書被棄置,同時有家庭買不起新書,書展是簡單的解決方法。
- 第三步:第三段消除顧慮——收益捐本地慈善機構、每班在老師監督下輪流看管攤位、兩位老師做統籌,還附上詳細計劃書。
- 第四步:第四段提出具體要求——請校長月底前批准,等學生有時間收書和設計海報。
- 第五步:結尾禮貌收結——因為信頭寫了 Dear Principal Cheung(知道姓名),所以用 Yours sincerely 而不是 Yours faithfully。
- 答案:這封信用四段說服校長:第一段直接講目的——以學生會名義申請 11 月 14 日在禮堂辦慈善書展;第二段講理由——環保意識抬頭,大量好書被棄置,但有家庭負擔不起新書,書展令舊書重生;第三段消除疑慮——收益全數捐給幫助基層兒童的本地慈善機構,學生在老師監督下輪流當值,還附上詳細計劃書;第四段提出月底前批准的要求。全信用正式語氣、沒有縮寫,因為知道對方姓名,所以用 Yours sincerely 結尾。
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
75 題快測 Quick check
Q1知道對方的名字用什麼結語?
Q2不知對方的名字用什麼結語?
Q3正式信可不可以用縮寫?
Q4開首第一句要?
Q5Subject 是什麼?
8重點回顧 Recap
- 格式:地址 + 日期 + 收件人
- 知道的名字:Dear Mr. X + Yours sincerely
- 不知的名字:Dear Sir/Madam + Yours faithfully
- 不可以用縮寫,語氣要禮貌
- 每段一個重點,開首講目的