Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式
進階現在完成式。
- Present perfect = have/has + past participle（p.p.）
- 經驗：Have you ever…? · I have never been abroad.
- 已完成：already（She has already visited.）· 未完成：yet（not… yet）
文體小知識：Connect the past with the present.
§課文原文 Passage
1My cousin Kelly has lived in Australia since 2023. She has just returned to Hong Kong for the summer holidays. I have never been abroad, so I asked her many questions. “Have you ever seen a kangaroo?” I asked excitedly. She laughed and said she has already visited three wildlife parks this year. She has not finished her university project yet, but she says she is not worried.
2We have eaten dim sum twice this week, and she says the food here tastes better than she remembered. Hong Kong has changed a lot since her last visit, and she wants to see the new harbourfront. I have told her about my school and my new friends. She has promised to teach me some English songs. The present perfect uses have or has with a past participle, such as seen, returned or finished. It connects the past with the present.
3Tomorrow, we have planned to visit the Science Museum together. Kelly has bought the tickets online already. Although she has travelled to many places, she has never explored this part of Kowloon. I think she will enjoy it. I have also prepared a small gift for her. Before she leaves, I hope we will have watched a film and taken lots of photos. Kelly says this has been her best week so far.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
My cousin Kelly has lived in Australia since 2023.
我的表姐凱莉自二○二三年起住在澳洲。
She has just returned to Hong Kong for the summer holidays.
她剛回香港過暑假。
I have never been abroad, so I asked her many questions.
我從未出過國，所以問了她很多問題。
“Have you ever seen a kangaroo?” I asked excitedly.
「你見過袋鼠嗎？」我興奮地問。
She laughed and said she has already visited three wildlife parks this year.
她笑著說，她今年已經去過三個野生動物公園。
She has not finished her university project yet, but she says she is not worried.
她還未完成大學的專題報告，但她說不擔心。
We have eaten dim sum twice this week, and she says the food here tastes better than she remembered.
我們這星期已經吃了兩次點心，她說這裡的食物比她記憶中更好吃。
Hong Kong has changed a lot since her last visit, and she wants to see the new harbourfront.
香港自她上次回來後改變了很多，她想看看新的海濱。
I have told her about my school and my new friends.
我告訴了她關於學校和新朋友的事。
She has promised to teach me some English songs.
她答應教我一些英文歌。
The present perfect uses have or has with a past participle, such as seen, returned or finished.
現在完成式用 have 或 has 加過去分詞，例如 seen、returned、finished。
It connects the past with the present.
它把過去和現在連繫起來。
Tomorrow, we have planned to visit the Science Museum together.
我們計劃明天一起參觀科學館。
Kelly has bought the tickets online already.
凱莉已經在網上買了門票。
Although she has travelled to many places, she has never explored this part of Kowloon.
雖然她去過很多地方，卻從未遊覽過九龍這一帶。
I think she will enjoy it.
我想她會喜歡。
I have also prepared a small gift for her.
我還準備了一份小禮物給她。
Before she leaves, I hope we will have watched a film and taken lots of photos.
我希望在她離開前，我們會看完一齣電影，還拍了很多照片。
Kelly says this has been her best week so far.
凱莉說這是她至今最好的一星期。
1重點摘要 Summary
現在完成式。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
have/has + past participle。
Done, gone, seen。
At any time。
Not ever。
Sooner than expected。
Until now。
Very recently。
From time。
3逐步講解 Steps
- have/hasI/you/we/they → have；he/she/it → has：My cousin Kelly has lived in Australia since 2023. We have eaten dim sum twice this week.
- p.p.past participle 過去分詞：seen、returned、finished（規則加 -ed）；不規則 go → gone、eat → eaten、see → seen. p.p. 三兄弟分清楚：seen（看）· gone（去了未返）· been（去過、回來了）——He has gone to Beijing 人不在；has been to 北京去過回來。
- Signal wordsever · never · already · yet · just · since：I have never been abroad. She has just returned to Hong Kong.
- 經驗問句Have you ever + p.p.？：'Have you ever seen a kangaroo?' I asked excitedly.——答：She has already visited three wildlife parks.
- already vs yetalready（已完成，肯定句）· yet（未完成，否定／問句）：She has not finished her university project yet.yet 放句尾、already 放中間：She has already finished. She has not finished yet——位置固定，記實。
- for vs sincefor + 時段 · since + 起點：has lived in Australia since 2023 · We have eaten dim sum twice this week.for 後面量時長：for three years；since 後面釘起點：since 2023——問 How long 一律完成式。
- 忌搭過去時間有 yesterday / last year 就用過去式：I saw him yesterday（不是 have seen）。完成式是連接 past 和 present. 測試自己：句中見到過去時間點就拆完成式——yesterday / in 2020 / last week 都是紅燈。
- 金句Kelly says this has been her best week so far.——so far 到目前為止，經典完成式訊號字。
4圖解 Diagrams
5例題示範 Example
根據課文，用 present perfect 寫五句關於表 cousin Kelly 的事，用完 ever / never / already / yet。
- 第一步：結構 = have/has + past participle——Kelly has lived in Australia since 2023.
- 第二步：經驗用 ever / never——Have you ever seen a kangaroo? I have never been abroad.
- 第三步：已完成用 already——She has already visited three wildlife parks this year.
- 第四步：未完成用 yet（否定／疑問）——She has not finished her project yet.
- 第五步：for + 時段 · since + 起點——since 2023 / for two years
- 答案：My cousin Kelly has lived in Australia since 2023, and she has just returned to Hong Kong for the summer. I have never been abroad, so I asked her, 'Have you ever seen a kangaroo?' She has already visited three wildlife parks this year, and we have eaten dim sum twice this week. She has not finished her university project yet, but she is not worried. Hong Kong has changed a lot since her last visit, and she says this has been her best week so far.
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
75 題快測 Quick check
Q1How to form present perfect?
Q2What is past participle?
Q3What does "ever" mean?
Q4What does "yet" mean?
Q5What does "just" mean?
8重點回顧 Recap
- Present perfect = have/has + past participle（p.p.）
- 經驗：Have you ever…? · I have never been abroad.
- 已完成：already（She has already visited.）· 未完成：yet（not… yet）
- for + 時段（for two years）· since + 起點（since 2023）
- 用法：連接過去和現在——The present perfect connects the past with the present.