Present Perfect Tense 现在完成式
进阶现在完成式。
- Present perfect = have/has + past participle（p.p.）
- 经验：Have you ever…? · I have never been abroad.
- 已完成：already（She has already visited.）· 未完成：yet（not… yet）
文体小知识：Connect the past with the present.
§课文原文 Passage
1My cousin Kelly has lived in Australia since 2023. She has just returned to Hong Kong for the summer holidays. I have never been abroad, so I asked her many questions. “Have you ever seen a kangaroo?” I asked excitedly. She laughed and said she has already visited three wildlife parks this year. She has not finished her university project yet, but she says she is not worried.
2We have eaten dim sum twice this week, and she says the food here tastes better than she remembered. Hong Kong has changed a lot since her last visit, and she wants to see the new harbourfront. I have told her about my school and my new friends. She has promised to teach me some English songs. The present perfect uses have or has with a past participle, such as seen, returned or finished. It connects the past with the present.
3Tomorrow, we have planned to visit the Science Museum together. Kelly has bought the tickets online already. Although she has travelled to many places, she has never explored this part of Kowloon. I think she will enjoy it. I have also prepared a small gift for her. Before she leaves, I hope we will have watched a film and taken lots of photos. Kelly says this has been her best week so far.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
My cousin Kelly has lived in Australia since 2023.
我的表姐凯莉自二○二三年起住在澳洲。
She has just returned to Hong Kong for the summer holidays.
她刚回香港过暑假。
I have never been abroad, so I asked her many questions.
我从未出过国，所以问了她很多问题。
“Have you ever seen a kangaroo?” I asked excitedly.
「你见过袋鼠吗？」我兴奋地问。
She laughed and said she has already visited three wildlife parks this year.
她笑著说，她今年已经去过三个野生动物公园。
She has not finished her university project yet, but she says she is not worried.
她还未完成大学的专题报告，但她说不担心。
We have eaten dim sum twice this week, and she says the food here tastes better than she remembered.
我们这星期已经吃了两次点心，她说这里的食物比她记忆中更好吃。
Hong Kong has changed a lot since her last visit, and she wants to see the new harbourfront.
香港自她上次回来后改变了很多，她想看看新的海滨。
I have told her about my school and my new friends.
我告诉了她关于学校和新朋友的事。
She has promised to teach me some English songs.
她答应教我一些英文歌。
The present perfect uses have or has with a past participle, such as seen, returned or finished.
现在完成式用 have 或 has 加过去分词，例如 seen、returned、finished。
It connects the past with the present.
它把过去和现在连系起来。
Tomorrow, we have planned to visit the Science Museum together.
我们计划明天一起参观科学馆。
Kelly has bought the tickets online already.
凯莉已经在网上买了门票。
Although she has travelled to many places, she has never explored this part of Kowloon.
虽然她去过很多地方，却从未游览过九龙这一带。
I think she will enjoy it.
我想她会喜欢。
I have also prepared a small gift for her.
我还准备了一份小礼物给她。
Before she leaves, I hope we will have watched a film and taken lots of photos.
我希望在她离开前，我们会看完一出电影，还拍了很多照片。
Kelly says this has been her best week so far.
凯莉说这是她至今最好的一星期。
1重点摘要 Summary
现在完成式。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
have/has + past participle。
Done, gone, seen。
At any time。
Not ever。
Sooner than expected。
Until now。
Very recently。
From time。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- have/hasI/you/we/they → have；he/she/it → has：My cousin Kelly has lived in Australia since 2023. We have eaten dim sum twice this week.
- p.p.past participle 过去分词：seen、returned、finished（规则加 -ed）；不规则 go → gone、eat → eaten、see → seen. p.p. 三兄弟分清楚：seen（看）· gone（去了未返）· been（去过、回来了）——He has gone to Beijing 人不在；has been to 北京去过回来。
- Signal wordsever · never · already · yet · just · since：I have never been abroad. She has just returned to Hong Kong.
- 经验问句Have you ever + p.p.？：'Have you ever seen a kangaroo?' I asked excitedly.——答：She has already visited three wildlife parks.
- already vs yetalready（已完成，肯定句）· yet（未完成，否定／问句）：She has not finished her university project yet.yet 放句尾、already 放中间：She has already finished. She has not finished yet——位置固定，记实。
- for vs sincefor + 时段 · since + 起点：has lived in Australia since 2023 · We have eaten dim sum twice this week.for 后面量时长：for three years；since 后面钉起点：since 2023——问 How long 一律完成式。
- 忌搭过去时间有 yesterday / last year 就用过去式：I saw him yesterday（不是 have seen）。完成式是连接 past 和 present. 测试自己：句中见到过去时间点就拆完成式——yesterday / in 2020 / last week 都是红灯。
- 金句Kelly says this has been her best week so far.——so far 到目前为止，经典完成式讯号字。
4图解 Diagrams
5例题示范 Example
根据课文，用 present perfect 写五句关于表 cousin Kelly 的事，用完 ever / never / already / yet。
- 第一步：结构 = have/has + past participle——Kelly has lived in Australia since 2023.
- 第二步：经验用 ever / never——Have you ever seen a kangaroo? I have never been abroad.
- 第三步：已完成用 already——She has already visited three wildlife parks this year.
- 第四步：未完成用 yet（否定／疑问）——She has not finished her project yet.
- 第五步：for + 时段 · since + 起点——since 2023 / for two years
- 答案：My cousin Kelly has lived in Australia since 2023, and she has just returned to Hong Kong for the summer. I have never been abroad, so I asked her, 'Have you ever seen a kangaroo?' She has already visited three wildlife parks this year, and we have eaten dim sum twice this week. She has not finished her university project yet, but she is not worried. Hong Kong has changed a lot since her last visit, and she says this has been her best week so far.
6常见错误 Mistakes
75 题快测 Quick check
Q1How to form present perfect?
Q2What is past participle?
Q3What does "ever" mean?
Q4What does "yet" mean?
Q5What does "just" mean?
8重点回顾 Recap
- Present perfect = have/has + past participle（p.p.）
- 经验：Have you ever…? · I have never been abroad.
- 已完成：already（She has already visited.）· 未完成：yet（not… yet）
- for + 时段（for two years）· since + 起点（since 2023）
- 用法：连接过去和现在——The present perfect connects the past with the present.