Inference 推论
进阶推论 = 线索 + 常识。
- 推论题答案不会直接写出，要靠「线索＋常识」推。
- 每个推论都要在文中找到支持，不要凭空臆测。
- 人物动作（手震、哭、贴信在心口）是情绪的重要线索。
文体小知识：Read between lines.
§课文原文 Passage
1She stared at the envelope for a long time before she touched it. The paper was thick and cream-coloured, and the handwriting on it was shaky. Her hands trembled as she turned it over. She had checked the mailbox three times that morning, and each time she had found nothing. Now, at last, it was here.
2She slowly broke the seal with her thumb, afraid of tearing anything inside. Inside was a thin letter, no more than a single page. She unfolded it and began to read. Her eyes moved down the page once, then again. Tears began to roll down her cheeks, first one, then many. She did not try to wipe them away.
3She sat down heavily on the chair by the window. Outside, a bird sang in the mango tree, and a tram rattled along the street below. She did not hear it. In her hand, the letter shook like a leaf in the wind. On the table lay a photo of a young man in a school uniform, smiling at the camera. She read the letter a third time, then held it against her chest.
4Half an hour later, she reached for her phone. Her fingers paused over the screen. Then she typed a short message to a number she knew by heart. The message could not have been simpler: he was coming home in March. Before she sent it, she smiled and cried at the same time. The bird outside had stopped singing, but she did not notice that either.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
She stared at the envelope for a long time before she touched it.
她望着那个信封，望了很久才伸手去碰。
The paper was thick and cream-coloured, and the handwriting on it was shaky.
信封纸又厚又是米白色，上面的字迹歪歪斜斜。
Her hands trembled as she turned it over.
她翻转信封时，双手一直发抖。
She had checked the mailbox three times that morning, and each time she had found nothing.
她那天早上已经检查过信箱三次，每次都是空的。
Now, at last, it was here.
现在，它终于来了。
She slowly broke the seal with her thumb, afraid of tearing anything inside.
她用拇指慢慢撕开封口，生怕弄破里面任何东西。
Inside was a thin letter, no more than a single page.
里面是一封薄薄的信，只有一页纸这么多。
She unfolded it and began to read.
她打开那封信，开始读。
Her eyes moved down the page once, then again.
她的目光由头到尾扫了一次，又一次。
Tears began to roll down her cheeks, first one, then many.
眼泪开始沿着面颊流下来，起初只是一滴，接着越来越多。
She did not try to wipe them away.
她没有试着抹走那些眼泪。
She sat down heavily on the chair by the window.
她重重地坐在窗边那张椅子上。
Outside, a bird sang in the mango tree, and a tram rattled along the street below.
窗外，有只小鸟在芒果树上唱歌，下面街上有电车叮叮当当地驶过。
She did not hear it.
她完全听不到。
In her hand, the letter shook like a leaf in the wind.
那封信在她手中颤抖着，好像风中的树叶。
On the table lay a photo of a young man in a school uniform, smiling at the camera.
桌上放着一张相片，相里面有个穿校服的年轻人，望着镜头笑。
She read the letter a third time, then held it against her chest.
她第三次读那封信，然后将它揽在心口。
Half an hour later, she reached for her phone.
半小时之后，她伸手拿起手机。
Her fingers paused over the screen.
她的手指在萤幕上面停下来了。
Then she typed a short message to a number she knew by heart.
然后她打了一个短讯，给一个她背到滚瓜烂熟的号码。
The message could not have been simpler: he was coming home in March.
短讯内容简单到不得了：他三月会回来。
Before she sent it, she smiled and cried at the same time.
发送之前，她又哭又笑。
The bird outside had stopped singing, but she did not notice that either.
外面的小鸟已经停了唱歌，但她同样没有为意。
1重点摘要 Summary
推论 = 线索 + 常识。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
推论。
暗示。
建议。
上下文。
线索。
假设。
逻辑。
得出结论。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 线索推论题的第一步是收集文中线索，考点在于明白作者不会把话说尽，读者须从动作与细节读出言外之意。方法是圈出所有动作描写并追问其含意。以课文为例：她早上三次查看信箱、触摸信封时双手颤抖、生怕撕破内里的东西，每个动作都是情绪线索，反映她已等候多时且心情紧张。易错之处是学生把线索当成普通叙述略过，结果作答时无据可引；线索是推论的原材料，必须一边读一边摘录。
- 常识第二步是结合生活常识解读线索，考点在于以经验补足文字没有明说的部分。方法是自问：现实中这种行为代表什么？以课文为例：桌上放著一张穿校服的年轻人照片，她把信件紧贴胸前，常识告诉我们信件内容必然关乎她深爱的人。易错之处是学生脱离常识空想，作出文中毫无依据的解释；常识必须与文内线索配合，两者缺一不可，否则便成过度推论，反被扣分。
- 推论推论的定义是作者未明言但已暗示的内容，考点在于区分文中说了与文中暗示。方法是整理线索后提出最有可能的解释。以课文为例：全文从未说明信件内容，但她的短讯写著 he was coming home in March，由此可以推论信件很可能报告儿子三月回家团聚的消息。易错之处有二：一是拒绝推论，答案只重复原文；二是推得太远，把可能说成必然。推论题要求的是合理而克制的判断，两个极端都要避免。
- 检查每一项推论都必须在文中找到支持，这是推论题的验证步骤。方法是为每个结论列出至少两条证据，证据叠加结论才站得住。以课文为例：推论她是一位母亲，证据一是桌上穿校服的年轻人照片，证据二是短讯中 he was coming home 的家庭语境，两者互相印证。易错之处是学生单凭一条线索便下结论，例如只见照片便断定人物关系；单一证据的推论在评卷标准下往往不获接纳，宁可多引一条。
- 情绪推论由动作推断心情是推论题的常见问法，考点在于读懂身体语言。方法是留意眼泪、笑容、颤抖等描写并追问背后情绪。以课文为例：Tears began to roll down her cheeks... She did not try to wipe them away，结尾更写 she smiled and cried at the same time；哭中带笑，是如释重负的表现，并非悲伤。易错之处是学生见到眼泪便答伤心，忽略同时出现的微笑；情绪推论必须整体解读，不能只取一个讯号便下结论。
- 转折词提示but 与 however 之后往往是作者真正想说的话，考点在于辨识句子的重心位置。方法是读到转折词便提高警觉，分析前后两半哪一半才是重点。以课文为例：The bird outside had stopped singing, but she did not notice，重心在后半：她完全沉浸于喜讯之中，连鸟鸣停了也听不见。易错之处是学生平均用力读前后两半，抓不住侧重点；转折词是作者给读者的路标，指示重点在路标之后，答题应引用转折后的内容。
- 答题写法推论题的答案须包含三个部分：立场、证据与合理解释。方法是先表明判断，再引原文，最后说明证据如何支持判断。以课文为例：The letter probably brings news that her son is coming home, because she trembled with joy and her message says he was coming home in March，立场、证据、解释一应俱全。易错之处是学生只写结论不引证据，或引了证据却不解释关联；三部分缺一，分数即打折扣，用词宜留余地，probably 一类字眼更稳妥。
5例题示范 Example
文中没有直接讲封信是什么。综合线索推论：封信大概是关于什么？女人和相中人是什么关系？
- 第一步：线索一——她早上查三次信箱，摸信时手震、不敢撕开，反映等了很久、心情极紧张。
- 第二步：线索二——读信时喊、将信贴在心口；桌上摆着一张穿校服的年轻人相片。
- 第三步：线索三——她覆短讯，内容只是一句「he was coming home in March」。
- 第四步：线索＋常识推理：她是一位等待在外家人消息的母亲，那封信很可能是儿子寄来报平安兼讲归期。
- 第五步：检查每个推论都在文中找到支持，没有过度解读。
- 答案：文中没有明讲封信是什么，但线索显示：她早上查三次信箱、见信手震、读完哭了还将信贴在心口，桌上有张穿校服的年轻人相片，最后她覆短讯说「他三月回来」。合理推论是：她是位母亲，那封信由在外地的儿子寄来，讲他三月就会回家团聚。她又哭又笑，是因为想着很快可以和儿子重逢。每步推论都有文中线索支持，不是凭空臆测。
6常见错误 Mistakes
79 题快测 Quick check
Q1推论是什么？
Q2点推论？
Q3imply 意思？
Q4推论要？
Q5推论 vs 事实？
Q6context 用途？
Q7What is in the envelope?
Q8How does she feel?
Q9Why did her hands tremble?
8重点回顾 Recap
- 推论题答案不会直接写出，要靠「线索＋常识」推。
- 每个推论都要在文中找到支持，不要凭空臆测。
- 人物动作（手震、哭、贴信在心口）是情绪的重要线索。
- 转折词 but、however 后面通常是作者真正想讲的东西。
- 推论合理就好，过度解读和没有根据一样会扣分。