Letters and Emails 书信与电邮
基础信件电邮。
- Formal email 结构：subject line → Dear + 称谓 → 目的 → 贡献 → Yours sincerely + 全名
- 第一句讲明目的：I am writing to apply for membership of…
- 贡献要有证据：my class collected six boxes of old batteries in one month
文体小知识：Formal words earn formal replies.
§课文原文 Passage
1Formal email to the teacher-in-charge. To: Mr Lam (teacher-in-charge, Environment Club). Subject line: Application to join the Environment Club. Greeting: Dear Mr Lam. I am Chris Wong, a Form 2 student from Class 2A, and I am writing to apply for membership of the School Environment Club.
2Your club is the most active group in our school, and I would love to join your weekend activities. I have loved nature since primary school, and I joined a beach cleanup with my family last summer. I am hard-working, and I can help design posters and organise recycling bins. I also speak clearly, so I can explain our activities to junior students. Last year, I helped my class collect old batteries, and we filled six boxes in one month. In addition, I promise to attend every meeting and to finish any task you give me. Miss Ho, my class teacher, can act as my referee if you need one. I have attached my application form and a short introduction letter to this email. Please open the attachment when you check this message.
3Please reply to me at this address if any further information is needed. An email like this is formal, not informal, so I have used polite words throughout. I have sent it to the correct recipient and checked every line. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to hearing from you. Sign-off: Yours sincerely, Chris Wong (Class 2A)
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Formal email to the teacher-in-charge.
给负责老师的正式电邮。
To: Mr Lam (teacher-in-charge, Environment Club).
收件人：林老师（环境学会负责老师）。
Subject line: Application to join the Environment Club.
主旨：申请加入环境学会。
Greeting: Dear Mr Lam.
问候语：林老师，您好。
I am Chris Wong, a Form 2 student from Class 2A, and I am writing to apply for membership of the School Environment Club.
我是2A班的中二学生黄子谦，写信申请加入学校环境学会。
Your club is the most active group in our school, and I would love to join your weekend activities.
贵会是本校最活跃的组织，我很想参加你们的周末活动。
I have loved nature since primary school, and I joined a beach cleanup with my family last summer.
我从小学开始就喜爱大自然，去年暑假还和家人参加了海滩清洁活动。
I am hard-working, and I can help design posters and organise recycling bins.
我勤奋努力，可以协助设计海报和整理回收箱。
I also speak clearly, so I can explain our activities to junior students.
我说话清晰，可以向低年级同学解释我们的活动。
Last year, I helped my class collect old batteries, and we filled six boxes in one month.
去年，我协助班上收集旧电池，一个月就装满了六箱。
In addition, I promise to attend every meeting and to finish any task you give me.
此外，我承诺出席每次会议，并完成你交给我的任何任务。
Miss Ho, my class teacher, can act as my referee if you need one.
我的班主任何老师可以担任我的推荐人，如有需要请联络她。
I have attached my application form and a short introduction letter to this email.
我已在此电邮附上申请表和一封简短自我介绍信。
Please open the attachment when you check this message.
请你在查看这封讯息时打开附件。
Please reply to me at this address if any further information is needed.
如需更多资料，请回复此地址给我。
An email like this is formal, not informal, so I have used polite words throughout.
这类电邮属于正式书信而非闲谈，所以我全篇都用了礼貌用语。
I have sent it to the correct recipient and checked every line.
我已把它发给正确的收件人，并检查了每一行。
Thank you for considering my application.
感谢你考虑我的申请。
I look forward to hearing from you.
期待收到你的回复。
Sign-off: Yours sincerely, Chris Wong (Class 2A)
结语：黄子谦（2A班）敬上。
1重点摘要 Summary
信件电邮。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
Dear Sir/Madam。
Hi John。
Email title。
Dear/Hi。
Best regards。
File attached。
To: 栏。
Write back。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- Subject考点：正式电邮的 subject line 是格式分的第一关，必须让收件人一眼看清来意，这是书信题的固定检查点。方法：把申请或查询的核心动词直接写进标题，采用名词短语形式，不加句号。例如：范文写 Application to join the Environment Club，申请一词放在最前，收件人未开信已知目的。易错处：考生常写 Hello 或 Hi 一类空泛标题，甚至完全留空；正式电邮切忌标题含糊，也不要写成完整句子，名词短语最稳妥，关键字眼置于开首。
- Greeting考点：称呼与自我介绍考查正式语域的掌握，格式与内容同时评分，位置次序亦是检查点。方法：以 Dear 加头衔与姓氏称呼对方，首段立即说明自己是谁，包括姓名、级别与班别。例如：范文写 Dear Mr Lam，接着 I am Chris Wong, a Form 2 student from Class 2A，一段之内完成称呼与身份交代，干净利落。易错处：考生常称呼对方名字如 Dear Lam，对老师不够尊敬；或自我介绍拖到第二段才出现，头重脚轻。记住正式书信称姓氏不称名字，第一段便要交代身份。
- Body考点：body 段考查组织力，申请信要求目的、资历与贡献三个层次分明，段落安排本身便是评分项。方法：按目的、资历、贡献的顺序展开，每段集中一个重点，不互相混杂。例如：范文先写 I am writing to apply for membership of the School Environment Club 说明来意，再以 I have loved nature since primary school 带出对自然的长期兴趣，之后才谈具体贡献。易错处：考生常把目的与资历混写，或通篇只谈兴趣不谈贡献；申请信的重心在你能为对方做什么，而非单方面抒发感受。
- Sign-off考点：结尾敬语是格式题的必查项，用错即反映语域意识不足，属于最不应失分的基础位。方法：正式书信采用 Yours sincerely 或 Yours faithfully，之后签全名并附班别，缺一不齐。例如：范文以 Yours sincerely, Chris Wong (Class 2A) 收结，敬语、全名、班别三者齐备，格式完整。易错处：考生常受日常电邮影响，写出 Cheers、Bye 一类轻佻用语配正式申请信，语域错配；另须注意知道对方姓名时用 sincerely，只有以 Dear Sir or Madam 开头时才用 faithfully。
- 贡献证据考点：自夸之词必须有证据支持，否则内容分与说服力双失，这是申请信与推荐信的共同铁律。方法：每项优点配一个具体事例或数字，证明所言非虚。例如：范文不单说自己勤力，而是写 I helped my class collect old batteries, and we filled six boxes in one month，一个月收集六箱旧电池，数字具体，可信度大增，贡献立现。易错处：考生常只写 I am hard-working and responsible 一类空话，毫无凭据；批改者最想看的是事例，记住口诀：有话先有例，有例先有数，例证愈具体愈好。
- referee 附件考点：推荐人与附件是进阶内容点，写出这两项能令申请信更周全，在众多答卷中脱颖而出。方法：提出一位愿意作保的老师并写明职衔，同时说明附件已随电邮附上，再礼貌提醒对方开启。例如：范文写 Miss Ho, my class teacher, can act as my referee，又写 I have attached my application form，最后以 Please open the attachment 提醒，安排细致。易错处：考生常只写 I attach my form 却没有提醒语，或整封信忘记提附件；推荐人要写明职衔，附件要写明名称，两者齐备才显诚意与周全。
- 语域考点：全文语域一致是正式电邮评分的明文要求，任何口语化或缩写都会破坏风格，属通篇检查项。方法：通篇采用礼貌用语，所有缩写一律展开为完整形式，并使用正式套语收结。例如：范文结尾声明 An email like this is formal, not informal，并用 I look forward to hearing from you 一类正式套语；文中写 do not 而非 don't，写 cannot 而非 can't，前后一致。易错处：考生常前段正式、末段忽然口语化；交卷前通读一次，逐个缩写检查，确保语域从头到尾统一。
5例题示范 Example
任务：写一封正式 email 申请加入 Environment Club——讲明你是哪个、为什么想加入、你可以贡献什么东西。
- 第一步：Subject line 写明目的——Application to join the Environment Club.
- 第二步：称呼 + 自我介绍——Dear Mr Lam, I am Chris Wong, a Form 2 student from Class 2A.
- 第三步：讲明申请和原因——I am writing to apply for membership… I have loved nature since primary school.
- 第四步：列贡献加证据——I can help design posters; last year my class collected six boxes of old batteries in one month.
- 第五步：提 referee 和 attachment，用 Yours sincerely + 全名收结。
- 答案：Subject: Application to join the Environment Club
Dear Mr Lam,
I am Chris Wong, a Form 2 student from Class 2A, and I am writing to apply for membership of the School Environment Club. I have loved nature since primary school, and I joined a beach cleanup with my family last summer. I am hard-working and creative, so I can help design posters and organise recycling bins; last year my class collected six boxes of old batteries in one month. Miss Ho, my class teacher, can act as my referee, and I have attached my application form.
Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Chris Wong (Class 2A)
6常见错误 Mistakes
75 题快测 Quick check
Q1What is formal?
Q2What is informal?
Q3Where is subject?
Q4What is sign-off?
Q5What is attachment?
8重点回顾 Recap
- Formal email 结构：subject line → Dear + 称谓 → 目的 → 贡献 → Yours sincerely + 全名
- 第一句讲明目的：I am writing to apply for membership of…
- 贡献要有证据：my class collected six boxes of old batteries in one month
- 加 referee 提升可信度：Miss Ho can act as my referee.
- 有 attachment 就写明：I have attached my application form.——formal 全文用 polite words