Main Idea 主旨
基礎主旨通常段首/段尾。
- 主旨多數在段首，有時在段尾。
- 小節（數據、例子）是用來支持主旨。
- 主旨要概括整段，不可以太窄。
文體小知識：What the passage is about.
§課文原文 Passage
1Bees are amazing insects, and there is so much to learn about them. They live in colonies with thousands of members. Each bee has a job, and together they work like one big family. The queen bee lays eggs, while worker bees collect nectar from flowers and fly home with it.
2Worker bees turn the nectar into honey, and people have loved honey for thousands of years. Bees also pollinate plants as they fly from flower to flower. Pollen helps plants grow fruit and vegetables. This means bees do not only make honey; they also help our farms. In fact, about one third of our food depends on bees.
3Without bees, we would have no food, so we must protect them. We should not use harmful chemicals in gardens, and we should plant more flowers. Good readers find the main idea of a paragraph by looking at its topic sentence and asking, 'What is this paragraph mostly about?' The other sentences are details that support the main idea. Even the title can give you a clue about the focus of the whole passage. If you write a short summary, you will remember what you read much better.
§逐句中文翻譯 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Bees are amazing insects, and there is so much to learn about them.
蜜蜂是很神奇的昆蟲，關於牠們有很多東西可以學。
They live in colonies with thousands of members.
牠們住在有幾千個成員的群體裡面。
Each bee has a job, and together they work like one big family.
每隻蜜蜂都有自己的工作，一起合作就好像一個大家庭。
The queen bee lays eggs, while worker bees collect nectar from flowers and fly home with it.
蜂后負責產卵，工蜂就負責在花上採花蜜，再帶回家。
Worker bees turn the nectar into honey, and people have loved honey for thousands of years.
工蜂將花蜜變成蜂蜜，人類喜歡吃蜂蜜已經有幾千年歷史。
Bees also pollinate plants as they fly from flower to flower.
蜜蜂在花同花之間飛來飛去，還會幫植物授粉。
Pollen helps plants grow fruit and vegetables.
花粉幫助植物結出果實同蔬菜。
This means bees do not only make honey; they also help our farms.
即是說，蜜蜂不止整蜂蜜，還幫了我們的農場。
In fact, about one third of our food depends on bees.
事實上，我們大約三分一的食物都靠蜜蜂。
Without bees, we would have no food, so we must protect them.
沒有了蜜蜂，我們就沒有食物，所以一定要保護牠們。
We should not use harmful chemicals in gardens, and we should plant more flowers.
我們不應該在花園用有害的化學品，還要多種花。
Good readers find the main idea of a paragraph by looking at its topic sentence and asking, 'What is this paragraph mostly about?'
好的讀者會看段落的主題句，問自己：「這段主要講什麼？」，這樣就找到主旨。
The other sentences are details that support the main idea.
其他句子都是支撐主旨的細節。
Even the title can give you a clue about the focus of the whole passage.
連標題都可以提示你整篇文章的重點。
If you write a short summary, you will remember what you read much better.
寫個簡短的摘要，就會更加記得看過的內容。
1重點摘要 Summary
主旨通常段首/段尾。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
主旨。
主題句。
小節。
支持。
摘要。
標題。
段落。
專注。
3逐步講解 Steps
- 首句考點是辨認段落主旨的位置。主旨多數出現在段落的第一句，開門見山點出全段中心，例如 Bees are amazing insects. 說明文常用總起句開頭，先概括後解釋；讀首句時問自己：全段是否都在解釋這一句？若是，它便是主旨句，讀其餘句子只為印證。易錯之處是把首句當成普通引入句匆匆跳過，錯過最快的定位方法；先讀首句、後讀全段，是找主旨的第一步，也是最省時的一步。
- 尾句有時主旨在段尾，作者先舉例再總結，例如 In short, bees live like one big family. 考點是總結訊號詞的辨認：見到 in short、in conclusion、therefore 等詞，主旨多半就在附近，要放慢速度細讀。方法是把訊號詞當成路標，一見路標便集中精神。易錯之處是不耐煩讀到結尾便停下，錯過總結句；文章的安排千變萬化，首句找不著主旨，便到尾句去找，兩處合看最穩妥。
- 小節考點是分清主旨與支持小節。支持主旨的小節是具體細節，例如數字、例子與描寫：The queen lays eggs. Thousands of members each have a job. 這些都是小節。小節回答 how、what、why 等細節問題；主旨則概括全段，兩者不可混淆。易錯之處是選了只概括某個小節的選項；判別方法是看該句能否涵蓋全段所有內容，能包舉全局的才是主旨，只講一事的便是細節，答題前先作這個測試。
- 標題考點是為段落選擇標題。標題是短語而非完整句子，例如 Life in a Bee Colony。好標題要概括全段又夠精煉：太窄便只講某個小節，太寬便超出段落範圍，兩者都不合適。方法是把每個選項與全段比對，看覆蓋面是否恰當。易錯之處是被生動的字眼吸引，選了只涵蓋細節的選項，忘了標題必須統攝全段；先排除太窄與太寬的選項，剩下的便是答案，這是選標題題的穩妥次序。
- 蜜蜂段實戰考點是實戰驗證：以蜜蜂段落為例，段首 Bees are amazing insects 是主旨，queen、thousands of members 等細節全部支持這一句。方法是用刪減法測試：把細節全部刪去，看主旨句是否仍然概括全段；若仍然成立，主旨便找對了。易錯之處是把細節當主旨，例如只記住 queen lays eggs 便以為是中心；主旨是籠罩全段的一句話，細節只是它的注腳，答題時宜先寫主旨、後舉細節，層次便分明。
- 自擬標題考點是用自擬標題檢驗理解。讀完段落，試自己擬一個短標題，例如 Life in a Bee Colony；標題不用完整句，也不用句號，最好控制在五個詞以內。這個練習能檢查是否真正掌握主旨：擬得出，便是讀懂了；擬不出，便要重讀一遍。易錯之處是標題寫成完整句子，或太長太瑣碎，反而暴露理解不清；多練數篇，概括能力自然提升，答主旨題也越來越有把握，這是閱讀力的自我檢測。
5例題示範 Example
問題：怎樣找出一段文章的主旨？按首句、尾句、小節與選項範圍四個線索逐步確定。
- 第一步：讀段首句 — Bees are amazing insects. 主旨多數在此，先假設它是中心句。
- 第二步：首句不明顯就看段尾 — 尾句有時是總結，特別留意 in short 等提示詞。
- 第三步：分清主旨與小節 — queen bee 產卵、thousands of members 各有職責，都是支持的小節。
- 第四步：刪去太窄的選項 — 只講 queen 的選項只覆蓋小節，不是全段主旨。
- 第五步：用自己的說法概括 — Bees live and work together like one big family.
- 答案：示範答案：主旨是 Bees live and work together like one big family. 小節（queen bee 產卵、thousands of members 各有職責）全部支持這句。掌握方法：先讀首尾句，再分清小節，最後用一句概括。
6常見錯誤 Mistakes
79 題快測 Quick check
Q1主旨通常在哪裡？
Q2主題句？
Q3主旨和標題分別？
Q4小節支持什麼？
Q5怎樣找主旨？
Q6Summary 是？
Q7主旨是什麼？
Q8蜜蜂採集什麼？
Q9蜜蜂製造什麼？
8重點回顧 Recap
- 主旨多數在段首，有時在段尾。
- 小節（數據、例子）是用來支持主旨。
- 主旨要概括整段，不可以太窄。
- 標題是短語，不是完整句。
- 找主旨不到就問：這段圍繞哪樣東西講？