Fact or Opinion 事实与意见
基础事实可证明；意见是主观。
- 事实可以查证：Hong Kong has seven million people.
- 意见是主观感受：the best city、I think it is fun.
- 警号字眼：best、amazing、I think、should。
文体小知识：What can be proven.
§课文原文 Passage
1Hong Kong is a busy city with over seven million people. There are many tall buildings, and the harbour is a famous natural feature. Hong Kong Island is south of the harbour, and the Peak offers a great view of the city. The MTR carries about five million passengers every day. These are facts because we can check and prove them.
2But some sentences are opinions. 'Hong Kong is the best city in the world' is an opinion, not a fact. We cannot prove it because people have different ideas. It is fine to believe it, and many people agree with it, but some people disagree. The food in Hong Kong is delicious, especially dim sum — that is also an opinion.
3How can we tell the difference? Ask yourself: can I check this? If the answer is yes, the sentence is probably a fact. If the sentence tells us someone's feeling or judgement, it is an opinion. Remember that opinions are never true or false; they are just personal ideas. A good reader can spot both facts and opinions in a news report.
§逐句中文翻译 Sentence-by-sentence translation
Hong Kong is a busy city with over seven million people.
香港是一个繁忙的城市，有七百多万人口。
There are many tall buildings, and the harbour is a famous natural feature.
这里有很多高楼大厦，而维多利亚港是著名的天然景观。
Hong Kong Island is south of the harbour, and the Peak offers a great view of the city.
香港岛在海港以南，山顶可以看到整个城市的美景。
The MTR carries about five million passengers every day.
港铁每日接载大约五百万名乘客。
These are facts because we can check and prove them.
这些都是事实，因为我们可以查证同证明。
But some sentences are opinions.
但是有些句子是意见。
'Hong Kong is the best city in the world' is an opinion, not a fact.
「香港是全世界最好的城市」是一种意见，不是事实。
We cannot prove it because people have different ideas.
我们没有办法证明，因为每个人都有不同看法。
It is fine to believe it, and many people agree with it, but some people disagree.
你信这句话没有问题，很多人同意，但亦有人反对。
The food in Hong Kong is delicious, especially dim sum — that is also an opinion.
香港的食物很好吃，尤其是点心——不过这句也是意见。
How can we tell the difference?
怎样分辨两者？
Ask yourself: can I check this?
问一问自己：这句话我可不可以查证？
If the answer is yes, the sentence is probably a fact.
如果答案是「可以」，那句多数是事实。
If the sentence tells us someone's feeling or judgement, it is an opinion.
如果句子讲的是某人的感受或者判断，那就是意见。
Remember that opinions are never true or false; they are just personal ideas.
记住，意见没有真假之分，只是个人的看法。
A good reader can spot both facts and opinions in a news report.
好的读者可以在新闻报道里面分辨出事实同意见。
1重点摘要 Summary
事实可证明；意见是主观。
2生字卡 Vocabulary
事实。
意见。
证明。
相信。
同意。
反对。
真。
假。
3逐步讲解 Steps
- 事实事实是可以查证的陈述，包括数据、历史事件与科学知识。例句：Hong Kong has over seven million people. 提示：事实不论我们是否同意都成立，可以用书本、统计处资料或实验加以核实。
- 意见意见表达个人的喜好与评价，常见字眼有 good、bad、like、think、believe。例句：I think this film is exciting. 提示：意见人人不同，无法证明对错；同一部电影，有人觉得精彩，有人觉得沉闷。
- 辨别辨别的准则很简单：可以证明的是事实，不能证明的是意见。例句：Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius 是事实；Summer is the best season 是意见。提示：best 一出现，多数是个人评价。
- 例子同一件事，用事实或意见说出来效果不同。例句：Today is Monday 是事实，查日历便知；Today is a terrible day 是意见，terrible 是主观感受。提示：把形容词换成数字或日期，句子便变成事实。
- 测试方法测试方法是问自己一句：这句可以查证吗？例句：Hong Kong has about seven million people 可以查证，是事实；Hong Kong is the most exciting city 不能查证，是意见。提示：留意 most、best 等最高级字眼。
- 字眼警号见到某些字眼，多数是意见：best、amazing、wonderful、I think、should。例句：You should visit the Peak. 提示：should 表达建议，I think 表达想法，这些词一出现，句子便带个人立场，阅读时宜圈起来。
5例题示范 Example
问题：篇章介绍香港，怎样判断哪句是事实、哪句是意见？用查证测试与字眼警号逐步检验。
- 第一步：圈出数据句 — Hong Kong has over seven million people. 人口数字可以查证，所以是事实。
- 第二步：圈出评价句 — the harbour is a famous natural feature. famous 是评价字眼，所以是意见。
- 第三步：套用查证测试 — The Peak offers a great view. great 是主观感受，无法证明，所以是意见。
- 第四步：留意 I think 与 should — 这些字眼一出现，句子便带个人立场，多数是意见。
- 第五步：总结两类句子的比例 — 介绍性文章以事实为主，评论或广告则意见较多。
- 答案：示范答案：Hong Kong has over seven million people（事实，人口可查证）；the harbour is a famous natural feature（意见，famous 是评价）；The Peak offers a great view（意见，great 是主观感受）。判断关键：可查证为事实，带评价字眼为意见。
6常见错误 Mistakes
79 题快测 Quick check
Q1事实还是意见？
Q2「Ice is cold」是？
Q3「Ice cream is delicious」是？
Q4怎么分辨？
Q5I like red 是？
Q6Water boils at 100°C 是？
Q7「Dogs have four legs」是？
Q8「Dogs are the best pets」是？
Q9「Dogs can run fast」是？
8重点回顾 Recap
- 事实可以查证：Hong Kong has seven million people.
- 意见是主观感受：the best city、I think it is fun.
- 警号字眼：best、amazing、I think、should。
- 测试口诀：可证明 = 事实；有得拗 = 意见。
- 读说明文分清楚一边句可信、一边句是作者立场。